Bio chapter 13 Flashcards
What is The goal of genetic engineering?
Produce organisms with desirable traits
How does selective breeding work?
Breed two parents with a desired trait and look for offspring with that trait
What is a transgenic organism?
Something with genes from another organism. Example, tobacco plant with a Gene making it glow in the dark
What are two types of Genetic engineering?
- Transgenic organisms
2. Cloning
What is the goal of a geneticist?
Create organisms with desirable traits
What are The two ways geneticists produce organisms with desirable traits?
- Selective breeding (inbreeding, hybridization)
2. Genetic engineering (Making artificial in the DNA of organisms)
How do you separate DNA
Gel electrophoresis
Polymerase chain reaction
MKes multiple copies of genes
Recombinant DNA
Made of two different organisms ( for example DNA that contains bacteria and human DNA)
Transforming bacteria example?
Insulin, human growth hormone HGH
what is a disadvantage of inbreeding?
There is a high chance that two recessive Alleles Will be brought together for a genetic disorder
What is hybridization
Breeding organisms with different desirable traits to produce offspring with both traits
Are most garden crops the product of hybridization or selective breeding
Hybridization
What resistant crop did Luther Burbank create?
Burbank potato
What was important about the Burbank potato?
It helped Ireland recover from the great potato famine
What two things does genetic engineering involve?
- DNA extraction (taking DNA out of a cell)
2. Cutting DNA to remove genes
What is DNA extraction?
Part of genetic engineering. Involves taking DNA out of a cell
How do genes band on to other cells?
Because they have sticky ends
What are the two ways geneticist accomplish their goal of producing organisms with desirable traits?
- Selective breeding, this includes inbreeding, Hybridization
- Genetic engineering
Why are inbred offspring more likely to have desired traits?
The parents are so genetically similar
What is an advantage of inbreeding?
Offspring are more likely to have the desired trait.
What is inbreeding?
Breeding closely related organisms with the same desired trait. Example: purebred dogs
What are two types of selective breeding?
- Inbreeding
2. Hybridization
Are Most garden crops hybrid crops or inbred crops?
Hybrid
What is genetic engineering?
Making changes in the DNA of organisms
How are genes removed from DNA?
By restricting enzymes
What does DNA sequencing allow scientist to do?
- Study specific genes
- Compare the similarity of genes between species
- . Better understand mutations in genes, possibly to fix them?
The more similar the branding pattern the more _______ the two organisms that are being compared are
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