bio chap3 Flashcards

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1
Q

monosaccahride

A

simple sugars, the simplest forms of sugar and the most basic units from which all carbohydrates are built.

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2
Q

disaccharide

A

ugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage. Like monosaccharides, disaccharides are simple sugars soluble in water. Three common examples are sucrose, lactose, and maltose. Disaccharides are one of the four chemical groupings of carbohydrates.

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3
Q

polysaccharide

A

he most abundant carbohydrates found in food. They are long chain polymeric carbohydrates composed of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages.

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4
Q

what do polysaccharides function as?

A

storage molecule and structural compounds

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5
Q

what do disaccharides function as?

A

body energy source

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6
Q

How are disaccharides formed?

A

monosaccharides bond using hydrolysis and create disaccharides

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7
Q

What do monosaccharides function as?

A

the body’s energy needs

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8
Q

How is dissacharide sucrose formed?

A

combining a fructose monomer and a glucose monomer

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9
Q

how is disaccharide maltose formed?

A

formed by two glucose monomers

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10
Q

What are starches and glycogen ?

A

polysaccharides

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11
Q

What do plants use for energy storage ?

A

starch

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12
Q

what do animals use as energy storage ?

A

glycogen

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13
Q

what is starch and glycogen composed of?

A

glucose monomers

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14
Q

What is cellulose ?

A

glucose polymer that forms plant cell walls and is a carbohydrate used for structure

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15
Q

What is a chitin ?

A

A polysaccharide used by insects to form an exoskeleton and is found in the cell walls of fungi

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16
Q

What are lipids ?

A

hydrophobic compounds used in long term energy storage, that consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms linked together by nonpolar covalent bond

17
Q

What are fats, oils, steroids, and waxes ?

A

lipids

18
Q

What are fats ?

A

Called triglycerides, they are large lipids made from glycerol and fatty acids. Contains one glycerol linked to three fatty acids

19
Q

how does a fatty acid link to glycerol ?

A

dehydration reaction

20
Q

Fatty acids that have one or more double bonds are called…

A

unsaturated fatty acids

21
Q

What do double bonds cause in lipids ?

A

A kink in the tail that prevents it from solidifying at room temp

22
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids are….

A

fats that contain the maximum amount of hydrogen- solid

23
Q

What happens when hydrogen is added to unsaturated fats ?

A

The hydrogen makes the fat saturated- also called hydrogenated- trans fats

24
Q

What does hydrogenation cause ?

A

trans fats

25
Q

What is a major component of cell membranes ?

A

phospholipids

26
Q

What is the function of steroids ?

A

signaling molecules that compose cell membranes

27
Q

What is the purpose of lipids ?

A

storing energy

28
Q

What is the purpose of phospholipids ?

A

membrane bilayer that protects the cell