Bio Ch3 Flashcards
structure of nucleic acid
polymers of nucleotides
functions of nucleic acid
genetic material inherited from parents, serve as blueprints for proteins
organic molecule
contain element carbon, usually synthesized by cells, carbon-based molecules
macromolecule
A giant molecule in a living organism, A protein, carbohydrates, lipid, or nucleic acid
carbohydrates
contains single monomer sugar’s (monosaccharides), two molecule sugars (disaccharides), and other multi unit sugars(polysaccharides)
examples of carbohydrates
sugars and starches
protein
A biological polymer constructed from amino acid monomers
lipid
and organic compound consisting mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms linked by nonpolar covalent bonds. hydrophobic.
examples of lipids
fats, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids that are insoluble in water
nucleic acid
Serves as a blueprint for proteins. DNA and RNA
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid. a genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents. double helix shape. made of nucleotide monomers with deoxyribose sugar
what nitrogenous bases are in DNA
adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine
RNA
ribonucleic acid. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with the ribose sugar
what nitrogenous bases are in RNA
adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil
enzyme
A protein that serves as a biological catalyst, changing the rate of a reaction without itself being changed into a different molecule in the process. Lowers activation energy
activation energy
The amount of energy necessary for a chemical reaction to occur
what is an enzyme
biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the amount of action energy
catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself going through any permanent chemical change
denaturation
A process in which a protein unravels losing at specific confirmation and hence function
unsaturated fat
pertaining to fats and fatty acids that have one or more double covalent bonds
monomer
A chemical subunit that serves as a building block of polymers.
polymer
A large molecule consisting of many identical or similar molecular units, called monomers covalently joined together in a chain
amino acid
and organic molecule containing a carboxyl group and an amino group. Serves as the monomer of proteins
polypeptide
A chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds
monosaccharide
The smallest kind of sugar molecule, a single unit sugar. Building blocks of more complex sugars and polysaccharides
polysaccharide
A carbohydrate polymer consisting of hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides (sugars) linked by covalent bonds
molecule
a group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bond
nucleotide
building blocks of nucleic acids
nitrogen base
bass containing the element nitrogen
glucose
monosaccharide which is used by cells to create energy
