Bio ch 8-9

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

totality of an organism’s chemical reactions

Question 2

metabolic pathway

Answer 2

begins with specific molecule, resulting in a certain product

Question 3

catabolic pathways (breakdown pathways)

Answer 3

release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds

Question 4

anabolic pathways

Answer 4

consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones

Question 5

energy

Answer 5

capacity to cause change

Question 6

KE

Answer 6

energy can be associated with relative motion of objects

Question 7

thermal energy

Answer 7

KE associated with random movement of atoms and molecules

Question 8

heat

Answer 8

thermal energy in transfer from one object to another

Question 9

PE

Answer 9

energy that isnt KE that matter possess because of its location/structure

Question 10

chemical energy

Answer 10

refer to PE available for release in chemical reaction

Question 11

thermodynamics

Answer 11

study of energy transformations that occur on nature

Question 12

entropy

Answer 12

measure of disorder/randomness

Question 13

spontaneous process

Answer 13

leads to an increase in entropy, that process can proceed without requiring an input of energy

Question 14

free energy

Answer 14

portion of a system’s energy that can perform work when temp. + pressure are uniform throughout system

Question 15

exergonic

Answer 15

energy released

Question 16

endergoinc

Answer 16

energy required

Question 17

energy coupling

Answer 17

use of an exergonic process to drive an endergoinc one

Question 18

phosphoylated intermediate

Answer 18

recipient molecule with phosphorous group covalently bonded to it

Question 19

catalyst

Answer 19

chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by reaction

Question 20

substrate

Answer 20

reactant an enzyme acts on

Question 21

active site

Answer 21

typically a pocket/groove on the surface of the enzyme where catalysis occurs

Question 22

cofactors

Answer 22

nonprotein enzyme helpers such as minerals

Question 23

coenzyme

Answer 23

cofactor is an organic molecule

Question 24

competitive inhibitors

Answer 24

reduce productivity of enzymes by blocking substrates from entering active sites

Question 25

noncompetitive inhibitors

Answer 25

dont directly compete with substrrate to bind to enzyme at active site

Question 26

allosteric regulation

Answer 26

describe any case in which a protein’s function at one site is affected by binding of a regulatory molecule to separate site

Question 27

cooperativity

Answer 27

mechanism amplifies response of enzymes to substrates

Question 28

feedback inhibitors

Answer 28

metabolic pathway is halted by inhibitors binding of its end product to an enzyme that acts early in pathway