Bio Ch 3 Vocab

Question 1

organelles

Answer 1

eukaryotic cells actually contain tiny, specialized structures

Question 2

cell theory

Answer 2

1. all organisms are made up of living units called cells
2. all cells come from cells
3. basic unit of life

Question 3

cytoplasm

Answer 3

semifluid medium inside cell

Question 4

prokaryotic cells

Answer 4

lack a membrane-bounded nucleus

Question 5

cell wall

Answer 5

located outside plasma membrane. Protects bacteria

Question 6

capsule

Answer 6

gelatinous sheath

Question 7

flagalla

Answer 7

long, thin appendages composed of subunits of protein flagellum

Question 8

fimbrae

Answer 8

short appendages that help attach appropriate surface

Question 9

nucleoid

Answer 9

single chromosome located within a region of the cytoplasm

Question 10

plasmids

Answer 10

small accessory rings of DNA

Question 11

thylakoids

Answer 11

flattened disks

Question 12

eukaryotic cells

Answer 12

structurally complex. Presence of nucleus

Question 13

secondary cell wall

Answer 13

forms inside primary wall. Makes stronger

Question 14

organelle

Answer 14

any well-defined subcellular structure

Question 15

nucleus

Answer 15

prominent structure in eukaryotic cell

Question 16

chromatin

Answer 16

consists of DNA and associate proteins

Question 17

chromosomes

Answer 17

when chromatin undergoes coiling

Question 18

nucleoplasm

Answer 18

a semifluid that chromatin is immersed in

Question 19

nuclear envelope

Answer 19

double membrane that separates the cytoplasm from nucleus

Question 20

nuclear pores

Answer 20

what nuclear envelope has to permit proteins to pass into the nucleus and ribosomal subunits to pass out

Question 21

ribosomes

Answer 21

composed of two subunits called “large” and “small”

Question 22

endomembrane system

Answer 22

consists of nuclear envelope, the endopasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, and several vesicles

Question 23

Golgi apparatus

Answer 23

3-20 curved sacules

Question 24

secretion

Answer 24

discharge content

Question 25

lysosomes

Answer 25

membrane bounded vesicles produced by Golgi apparatus

Question 26

vacuoles

Answer 26

large membranous sac

Question 27

peroxisomes

Answer 27

membrane bounded vesicles

Question 28

chloroplasts

Answer 28

use solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates

Question 29

cellular respiration

Answer 29

process by which the chemical energy of carbohydrates is converted to ATP

Question 30

stroma

Answer 30

fluid-filled space that is enclosed by 2 membranes