Bio carbohydrates Flashcards
What 2 types does glucose come in?
Alpha and beta, both are isomers meaning they have the same chemical formula but different structure.
All carbohydrates are polymers. What are the monomers that they are made up of?
Monosaccharides like Glucose, Fructose.
In beta glucose, the H and OH are …?
Reversed
What is a condensation reaction?
Two molecules join together, forming a new chemical bond and water is released.
What forms between two monosaccharides to create a disaccharide?
Glycosidic bond
Two a-glucose molecules joined together form ?
Maltose (disaccharide)
What is hydrolysis?
Complete opposite of condensation reaction, water is added to break glycosidic bonds and to reduce carbohydrates to their monosaccharide constituents.
What is a polysaccharide?
More than 2 monosaccharides bonded together by condensation reactions.
What is amylose made up of?
Lots of alpha glucose molecules.
What is starch a mixture of?
Two polysaccharides, amylose and amylopectin.
What are the structural properties of amylose?
Long, unbranched chain of alpha glucose. Angles of glycosidic bonds give it a coiled structure, so it is compact and therefore good for storage.
What are the structural properties of amylopectin?
Long branched chain of alpha glucose. Side branches allow enzymes faster access so energy release is quicker.
What are the properties of starch?
Insoluble, doesn’t affect water potential, preventing osmosis which would make cells swell. Also good for storage.
What is the test for starch. How does it work?
Iodine test. Potassium iodide solution, if starch is present, turns from orange-brown to dark blue/black.
What is the main energy storage material in animals?
Glycogen, a polysaccharide of alpha glucose. Similar structure to amylopectin, but much more side branches. Rapid energy release possible.
