bio 6C Flashcards
Factors affecting the rate of cellular respiration
how do changes in temperature affect the rate of cellular respiration?
cellular respiration and ATP production are greatest when the temperature aligns with the optimal temperature of the enzyme
- below the optimal temperature, the rate of reaction is decreased due to the enzymes and substrates having lower kinetic energy
- above the optimal temperature, the enzymes begin to denature and cellular respiration rates drop due to the lack of enzyme function
how do changes in pH affect the rate of cellular respiration?
different enzymes function at different pH levels
- above or below the optimal pH, enzymes can denature and have an effect on the rate of cellular respiration
how does glucose availability affect the rate of cellular respiration?
increasing glucose availability increases the rate of respiration until the enzyme reaches its saturation point (therefore increases ATP production)
how does oxygen availability affect the rate of cellular respiration?
increasing the oxygen availability will increase the rate of cellular respiration whilst a low conc. of oxygen induces cells to switch to anaerobic fermentation (as oxygen is required for the ETC but anaerobic fermentation does not need oxygen as an input)
how does enzyme inhibition affect the rate of cellular respiration?
inhibitors decrease the rate of cellular respiration by reducing the activity involved with the process
- as the conc. of enzyme inhibitors increase, the rate of cellular respiration decreases
* this can be overcome if the substrate concentration is increased (HOWEVER this does not reduce the effect of irreversible inhibitors or reversible non-competitive inhibitors)
- the maximum rate of reaction is reduced in the presence of irreversible inhibitors or reversible non-competitive inhibitors
what is end-product inhibition?
a form of inhibition where the final product in a series of reactions inhibits an enzyme in an earlier reaction in the sequence
