BIo

Question 1

What is a Genome

Answer 1

Genomes contain instructions to make an organism (library.bluepront)

Question 2

Allele

Answer 2

Variation of a particular gene (eg. to penicillin)

Question 3

Gene Pool

Answer 3

Ratio of all alleles of a gene in a species. Allele frequency determined by members of the species. (resistant or nonresistant)

Question 4

Evolution

Answer 4

Occurs when the ratio of genes in the gene pool changes. Change in the genetics of a species (e.g 1940’s resistant/2017 non resistant)

Question 5

Overproduction

Answer 5

of species is produced is greater than can survive

Question 6

Struggle for existence

Answer 6

essential resources are limited (food, water)

Question 7

Variation

Answer 7

Some traits provide an advantage. Differences in traits among members of same species.

Question 8

Survival of the fittest

Answer 8

Better adapted tend to survive to reproduce traits that provide an advantage.

Question 9

Accumulation of variation

Answer 9

Traits from parents are passed to offspring.

Question 10

Directional Selection

Answer 10

Change in constant direction

Question 11

Stabilizing Selection

Answer 11

Reinforces average phenotype

Question 12

Disruptive Selection

Answer 12

Selects against most common feature, promotes different variations.

Question 13

Selective breeding

Answer 13

non-random mating characterized by the identification of desired traits and promoting development at expense of what may happen naturally. (eg. livestock, race horse, dogs/cats)

Question 14

Accidental Selection

Answer 14

Human activity puts survival of organisms in jeopardy unintentionally. (DOT=biological magnification, peppered moth, industrial melanism)

Question 15

Mutation

Answer 15

A critical ingredient in the recipe for evolution. Without mutation everything would stay constant, generation after generation.

Question 16

Genetic Drift

Answer 16

variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce.

Question 17

Gene flow

Answer 17

is the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another. Migration into or out of a population may be responsible for a marked change in allele frequencies (the proportion of members carrying a particular variant of a gene).

Question 18

Geographic Isolation

Answer 18

Physical barrier (i.e. volcano) gene flow ceases; gene pools change independently. Differences will eventually prevent interbreeding.

Question 19

Reproductive Isolation

Answer 19

Organisms in a population no longer interbred. Differences; Differences, courtship patterns, season, structural feature.
b) Long term changes to gene frequencies (physical features) cause species to become more similar or dissimilar.

Question 20

Divergent Evolution

Answer 20

Specialize to suit environment.

Question 21

Homologous Structure

Answer 21

Similar origin, different use.

Question 22

Convergent Evolution

Answer 22

Development of similar forms due to similar environmental pressures.

Question 23

Analogous Structure

Answer 23

Similar functions, different anatomically.

Question 24

explain what how gene switches drive evolution

Answer 24

The origin of whole new structures in evolution don’t involve the origin of new genes or whole new genetic recipes. Old genes can be reconfigured, by minute changes in DNA letters. Basically you can make massive changes, just changing those switches. So a small change, a couple of DNA letters, could have a profound effect. Like in chimps DNA, and chickens DNA it was just different by just 2 letters. But in humans it was different by 18 letters.