Bio Flashcards
Natural Selection/Survival of the Fittest
Organisms best suited to a particular environment survive
Fossil Record
Most direct evidence of evolution
Parade of successive changes in fossils.
5 Agents of Evolution
1) Mutation
2) Migration
3) Genetic Drift
4) Nonrandom Mating
5) Selection
2 Types of Selection
Artificial
Natural
Species
Groups of interbreeding populations which are reproductively isolated from other groups
Speciation
Successive change in natural selection
Carlolus Linnaeus
18th century Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist
Linnaean System
Binomial system for naming species of organisms
Binomial Nomenclature
First name Genus
Second name Species
Taxonomy
Branch of Biology that names taxon groups
9 levels of organization of life on earth
Domain Kingdom Phylum Subphylum Class Order Family Genus Species
“Dat King Phillip Came Over For Green Spaghetti “
Six Kingdoms of life on earth
Bacteria Archaea Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Charles Darwin
British Naturalist
Proposed natural selection as the process of evolution.
What types of cells first lived on earth and how long have they been here?
Prokaryotes who have been on earth for 2.5 billion years
Endospore
Thick wall which is highly resistant to environmental stress
How do bacteria reproduce?
Binary Fission
How do bacteria share DNA with each other?
Conjugation
Virus
Parasitic chemicals in DNA
What is the most lethal virus in human history?
Influenza
What virus can only infect bacteria?
Bacteriophages
How do new strains of flu arise?
Shifts in flu virus H-N combinations when a person/animal becomes infected with different strains
Protists
Most ancient Eukaryote, not Fungi, plants or animals.
Why are protists important to humans?
Most diseases caused by protists, make up both good and bad algae.
Fungi
They look like plants but lack chlorophyll and no photosynthesis
Why are fungi important to humans?
There are many commercial uses and they are decomposers.
4 key aspects of plant evolution
- Alternation of generations
- Vascular Tissue
- Seeds
- Flowers and Fruits
Vascular vs. non-vascular plants
Tubes/pipes to transport water and nutrients
Gymnosperms
Most ancients plants, 4 types, most common today are conifers. Produce seeds in cones, use wind pollination.
Angiosperms
90% of plants today. Animal pollination. Ovule is completely enclosed by sporophyte tissue when it is fertilized.
6 key transitions in animal body development
- Evolution of Tissues
- Evolution of Bilateral Symmetry
- Evolution of a body cavity
- Evolution of segments
- Evolution of molting
- Evolution of deuterostome development
