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bio 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the chemical formula for cellular respiration?

A

6O2 + C6H12O6 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP (depends how much)

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2
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate.

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3
Q

What is the function of ATP?

A

ATP carries energy and provides energy for most cell processes.

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4
Q

Why does cellular respiration take place?

A

To create energy in the form of ATP for regular cell functions.

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5
Q

Where does cellular respiration occur in the cell?

A

In the mitochondria (Krebs and ETC) and cytoplasm (glycolysis).

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6
Q

What is the name of Stage One of Aerobic Cellular Respiration?

A

Glycolysis.

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7
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

In the cytoplasm.

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8
Q

What is the main molecule going into glycolysis?

A

Glucose.

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9
Q

What is the net gain of ATP in glycolysis?

A

2 ATP.

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10
Q

What is the name of Stage Two of Aerobic Cellular Respiration?

A

Krebs Cycle.

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11
Q

Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?

A

Inside the mitochondria in the area called the matrix.

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12
Q

What is the overall purpose of the Krebs Cycle?

A

To capture H+ and energized electrons for the ETC.

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13
Q

What are the final products of the Krebs Cycle with 2 pyruvates?

A

2 ATP, 6 CO2, 8 NADH, and 2 FADH2.

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14
Q

What is produced in the Krebs Cycle that is waste for our bodies?

A

CO2.

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15
Q

What is the net gain of ATP in the Krebs Cycle?

A

2 ATP.

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16
Q

What is the name of Stage Three of Aerobic Cellular Respiration?

A

ETC.

17
Q

Where does the ETC take place?

A

In the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

18
Q

Where do the electrons for the ETC come from?

A

From the Krebs Cycle (NADH and FADH2) and glycolysis (NADH).

19
Q

What type of transport is used for protein pumps in the ETC?

A

Active transport.

20
Q

What type of transport is used for ATP synthase in the ETC?

A

Facilitated diffusion.

21
Q

What is the function of ATP Synthase?

A

Creates ATP through H+ flowing through the enzyme.

22
Q

Why are H+ pumped out of the mitochondria’s matrix?

A

To create a high concentration of H+ in the intermembrane space for ATP production.

23
Q

What is the net gain of ATP in Stage Three?

A

28-34 ATP.

24
Q

What is the theoretical net gain of ATP for the entire aerobic cellular respiration?

A

36-38 ATP.

25
Q

What must be present for aerobic cellular respiration to occur?

A

Oxygen.

26
Q

How are the Krebs Cycle and the ETC dependent on each other?

A

The Krebs Cycle provides energized electrons carried by NADH and FADH2, while the ETC sends NAD+ and FAD back to the Krebs Cycle.

27
Q

Why do plants need to do both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

A

Plants need photosynthesis to create glucose for cellular respiration to make ATP.

28
Q

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration dependent on each other?

A

The reactants of photosynthesis are the products of cellular respiration and vice versa.

29
Q

What are the final products of Lactic Acid Fermentation?

A

Lactate.

30
Q

What are the final products of Alcoholic Fermentation?

A

Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide.

31
Q

When is Lactic Acid Fermentation done?

A

During muscle burning in exercise or absence of O2.

32
Q

When is Alcoholic Fermentation done?

A

By yeast in bread.

33
Q

What is the net gain of ATP for each type of fermentation?

A

2 ATP for each (comes from glycolysis).

34
Q

Why would an organism go through anaerobic respiration?

A

To generate ATP even when there is no oxygen present.

35
Q

Why is aerobic respiration generally more beneficial than anaerobic respiration?

A

Aerobic respiration produces more ATP when oxygen is available.

36
Q

When might anaerobic respiration be more beneficial?

A

When there is no oxygen available.

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