bio 4 Flashcards
What is the chemical formula for cellular respiration?
6O2 + C6H12O6 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP (depends how much)
What does ATP stand for?
ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate.
What is the function of ATP?
ATP carries energy and provides energy for most cell processes.
Why does cellular respiration take place?
To create energy in the form of ATP for regular cell functions.
Where does cellular respiration occur in the cell?
In the mitochondria (Krebs and ETC) and cytoplasm (glycolysis).
What is the name of Stage One of Aerobic Cellular Respiration?
Glycolysis.
Where does glycolysis take place?
In the cytoplasm.
What is the main molecule going into glycolysis?
Glucose.
What is the net gain of ATP in glycolysis?
2 ATP.
What is the name of Stage Two of Aerobic Cellular Respiration?
Krebs Cycle.
Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?
Inside the mitochondria in the area called the matrix.
What is the overall purpose of the Krebs Cycle?
To capture H+ and energized electrons for the ETC.
What are the final products of the Krebs Cycle with 2 pyruvates?
2 ATP, 6 CO2, 8 NADH, and 2 FADH2.
What is produced in the Krebs Cycle that is waste for our bodies?
CO2.
What is the net gain of ATP in the Krebs Cycle?
2 ATP.
What is the name of Stage Three of Aerobic Cellular Respiration?
ETC.
Where does the ETC take place?
In the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
Where do the electrons for the ETC come from?
From the Krebs Cycle (NADH and FADH2) and glycolysis (NADH).
What type of transport is used for protein pumps in the ETC?
Active transport.
What type of transport is used for ATP synthase in the ETC?
Facilitated diffusion.
What is the function of ATP Synthase?
Creates ATP through H+ flowing through the enzyme.
Why are H+ pumped out of the mitochondria’s matrix?
To create a high concentration of H+ in the intermembrane space for ATP production.
What is the net gain of ATP in Stage Three?
28-34 ATP.
What is the theoretical net gain of ATP for the entire aerobic cellular respiration?
36-38 ATP.
What must be present for aerobic cellular respiration to occur?
Oxygen.
How are the Krebs Cycle and the ETC dependent on each other?
The Krebs Cycle provides energized electrons carried by NADH and FADH2, while the ETC sends NAD+ and FAD back to the Krebs Cycle.
Why do plants need to do both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Plants need photosynthesis to create glucose for cellular respiration to make ATP.
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration dependent on each other?
The reactants of photosynthesis are the products of cellular respiration and vice versa.
What are the final products of Lactic Acid Fermentation?
Lactate.
What are the final products of Alcoholic Fermentation?
Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide.
When is Lactic Acid Fermentation done?
During muscle burning in exercise or absence of O2.
When is Alcoholic Fermentation done?
By yeast in bread.
What is the net gain of ATP for each type of fermentation?
2 ATP for each (comes from glycolysis).
Why would an organism go through anaerobic respiration?
To generate ATP even when there is no oxygen present.
Why is aerobic respiration generally more beneficial than anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration produces more ATP when oxygen is available.
When might anaerobic respiration be more beneficial?
When there is no oxygen available.
