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Fluids > Bio > Flashcards

Bio Flashcards

1
Q

Divergent evolution

A

Diverge from single ancestor

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2
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Have a cell wall

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3
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

Membrane enclosing nucleus

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4
Q

Chromatin

A

Dna plus associated proteins

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5
Q

Nucleolus

A

In the nucleus region where ribosomes are formed

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6
Q

Peroxisome

A

Metablizes waste

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7
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Rough: associated with ribosomes

Smooth: makes lipids

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8
Q

Lysosomes

A

Digests food

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9
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Modifies proteins

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10
Q

Mitochondria

A

Makes energy

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11
Q

Cell wall

A

Maintains shape

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12
Q

Central vacuole

A

Plant…maintains pressure against cell wall

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13
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains chromatin, nuclear envelope, and nucleolus

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14
Q

How big cells?

A

10 microns

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15
Q

Cell cycle consist of

A

Interphase and mitotic phase

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16
Q

Interphase?

A

Cell grows and dna replicated

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17
Q

Mitotic?

A

Duplicated chromosomes are segregated and distributed into daughter nuclei. Cytoplasm also divided

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18
Q

Prophase

A

Chromosomes condense become visible and envelope breaks down

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19
Q

Prometaphase

A

Chromosomes keep condensing. Centromsomes move toward opposite poles. Centresome attach spindle fibers

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20
Q

Metaphase

A

Centrosomes at opposite poles. Chromosomes lined up in metaphase plate (center). Each sited chromatid attached to spindle fiber

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21
Q

Anaphase

A

Spindle fibers pull chromatids (now called chromosomes) apart. Cell gets elongated

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22
Q

Telophase

A

Nuclear envelope develops around both sides of chromosomes. Mitotic spindle breaks down.

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23
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Not part of mitosis. Animal cleavage furrow seperates. Plant cell plate seperates

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24
Q

DNa helicase

A

Unzips dna

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25
Q

Dna polymerase

A

Adds nucleotides to 3’ end of each strand

26
Q

Direction new strand dna synthesized

A

5 to 3 of the strand being made

27
Q

Pcr

A

Keeps separating and replicating Dna by adding heat to seperate then adding coolant and primers to replicate over and over

28
Q

Apoptosis

A

Cell suicide

29
Q

Protooncogenes

A

Signal cells to progress normally

30
Q

Tumor suppressor genes

A

Tells cell growth to stop and fix itself

31
Q

Protooncogene

A

Normal gene that can become oncogene

32
Q

Oncogene

A

Gene potential to cause cancer

33
Q

3 groups genetic diseases

A

Polygenic(multifactorial inheritance)
Monogenic
Chromosomal aberrations

34
Q

Intraspecific

A

Within a species

35
Q

Inter specific

A

Between or among species

36
Q

Interference

A

Direct interaction prevents access to resources

37
Q

Exploitation

A

Depletion of shared resource

38
Q

++

A

Mutualism

39
Q

+-

A

Predation/parasitism

40
Q

0+

A

Commensalism

41
Q

–

A

Competition

42
Q

0-

A

Amensalism

43
Q

00

A

Neutralism

44
Q

Ecological niche

A

The role of a species in a community

45
Q

Tropic cascade

A

Change or loss in one species has effect throughout the chain

46
Q

Semelparous

A

Single large reproductive effort

47
Q

Iteroparous

A

Repeated reproductive cycles

48
Q

Fecundity

A

Number of offspring

49
Q

R selected

A

Fast max quantity

50
Q

K selected

A

Slow max quality

51
Q

Parasite

A

Consumes tissues or body fluids of host

52
Q

Pathogens

A

Cause diseases

53
Q

Transmission

A

How quickly it replicates

54
Q

Virulence

A

Fatality rate or ability to invade tissues

55
Q

Microparasite

A

Asexual single cell

56
Q

Macroparasite

A

Multicellular and sexual

57
Q

Endo parasites

A

Inside host

58
Q

Ectoparasites

A

Outside host

59
Q

Kleptopatasites

A

Act as species

60
Q

Zoonotic disease

A

Transmissible between humans and animals

61
Q

Convergent evolution

A

Similar traits not because of common ancestor but bc of similar environments

Fluids (2 decks)

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