Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO200 > Bio 200 Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Bio 200 Final Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Ecology

A

The study of distribution and abundance of organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is ecology related to evolution?

A

Ecology causes evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Abiotic

A

Non-living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Biotic

A

Living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Three factors that influence the climate

A

1.) Variation in light intensity
2.) The angle/tilt of earth
3.) Variation in local conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The angle/tilt of earth

A

Gives us seasons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lake effect snow

A

As air cools down faster than lake water, it picks the water vapor up then freezes it and drops snow (once lake is frozen no more LE snow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adiabatic cooling

A

Caused by increasing elevation (reducing temp through a change in air pressure) (higher you go, colder it gets)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Windward side of Mtn

A

Air rises, cools, releases moisture leads to lush vegetation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Leeward side of Mtn

A

Air descends, warms, picks up moisture, makes it more desert like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Less predictable global effects on climate

A
  • El Nino
  • PDO
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

El Nino

A

Warming of ocean’s surface to above average temps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

La Nina

A

Cooling of ocean’s surface to below average temps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hadley Cell

A

Circulations that have air rising at the equator and air sinking at roughly 30° latitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Biomes

A

Defined by temperature and rainfall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hot desert

A
  • Less precipitation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cold desert

A
  • Vegetation limited
  • No permafrost
  • More precipitation than tundra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Niche

A

The entire range of resources a species needs to survive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Joseph Connell

A

Barnacles (temporal partitioning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Robert MacAurthur

A

Warblers (niche partitioning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Species interactions

A
  • Competition
  • Predation
    -Symbiosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Competition

A

When two or more similar organisms need same limited resource (-/-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Predation

A

When one species consumes another (+/-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Symbioses

A

A long-term interaction of 2 species

Parasitism (+/-)
Mutualism (+/+)
Commensalism (+,0)
Ammensalism (-,0)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Why is competition hard to see?

A

It often happened in the past

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The ghost of competition past

A

If competition happened in the past, you can study the relationships today

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How to study competition

A
  • Experiments (1917 Sir Arthur George Tansley galium experiment)
  • Comparison of Allopatric and sympatric populations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Exploitation competition

A

One species lowers the resources of another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Interference Competition

A

One species prevents the other from gaining access to a resource

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Interspecific

A

Different species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Intraspecific

A

Within the same species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Sympatric

A

Species living in close proximity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Allopatric

A

Species live apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Temporal partitioning

A

Organisms born at different times of year will not be in competition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Intraspecific competition can lead to…

A

less interspecific competition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

True predators

A

Kill immediately, usually consume all of prey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Parasitism

A

Do not (immediately) kill prey

Examples: Giardia, mistletoe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Herbivores

A

Predatory: whole plant consumed

Parasitic: Part of plant consumed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Detrivores

A

Eating things already dead/non-living (does not impact population sizes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Predators lower prey…

A

abundance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Prey can restrict predator distribution

A

Where prediators limit the range of prey species

Example: megapode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Predator/prey cycling

A

showshoe hare and lynx (more lynx, less hares, next year less lynx, next year more hares, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Methods of predator and prey coexistance

A
  • Refuges
    -Cycling
    -Predators at low abundance
    -Generalist predators
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Prey defenses

A

-Crypsis
-Chemical defense
-Armor
-Behavioral defense
-Predator satiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Crypsis

A

Cryptic coloration: camoflauge

Object mimicry: mimics something not edible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Chemical defense

A

-Toxicity: most synthesize their own poison, nudibranchs steal poison from other organisms

-Aposematic coloring: bright colors to indicate poison

-Batsian mimicry: bright colors, no poison

-Mullerian mimicry: bright colors, poison, also looks like another poison species

example: viceroy and monarch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Armor

A

shells, spikes, etc.
example: armadillos, porcupines clams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Behavioral defense

A
  • Alarm calling
  • Distraction displays
  • Running
  • Herds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Predator satiation

A

Timing reproduction so all young are produced in short period of time (higher % of survival)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Types of hunting

A
  • Ambush
  • Stalking
  • Pursuit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Coevolution

A

When a species evolves due to interactions with another species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Parasitism (+/-)

A
  • Ectoparasites: outside organism
  • Endoparasites: inside organism

can have complex life cycles

53
Q

Mutualism (+/+)

A

“Cleaner” fish and “customer fish”

  • Trophic (food/food)
  • Defensive (food/defense)
  • Dispersive (food/dispersal)
54
Q

Communities are formed from…

A

groups of species interactions

55
Q

Diversity

A

The combination of species richness and evenness

56
Q

Species richness

A

of species present

57
Q

Evenness

A

relative abundance of species

58
Q

Species richness and area

A

One area can have more diversity or evenness than the other (even with the same # of species in each area)

59
Q

Niche conservatism

A

Example: spruces are able to move furrther south in the past, climate changed (warmed)→ spruces rage decreased (went further up the mountains, conserved their niche) (dependent species followed)

60
Q

Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)

A

Shift in surface temps in northern pacific (over 20-30 yrs) fluctuate between warm and cool phases (makes predicting climate more difficult)

61
Q

Miller + Urey

A

Wanted to recreate atomspheric conditions when life began

62
Q

Linnaeus

A

nomeclature

63
Q

Anaximander

A

new species come from existing species

64
Q

Hutton

A

founder of modern geology (earth is older than we think)

65
Q

Smith

A

Wealth of nations, competition keeps environment healthy

66
Q

Lamark

A

Giraffes

67
Q

Malthus

A

Population inc. faster than food supply=competition

68
Q

Cuvier

A

Catastrophism

69
Q

Lyell

A

Past is key to present, small changes

70
Q

Alfred Russel Wallace

A

Darwin partner

71
Q

Mendel

A

Peas

72
Q

Crick, Watson, Franklin

A

DNA

73
Q

Grants

A

Finches

74
Q

Precambrian

A

longest era

75
Q

Formation of the Sun

A

Nuclear Fusion

76
Q

Darwin’s big idea

A

evolution and natural selection

77
Q

Megatherium

A

Giant sloth

78
Q

Morganucodon Watsoni

A

Ancient Platypus

79
Q

Glyptodon

A

Ancient Armadillo

80
Q

True breeding

A

all offspring have same traits as parents

81
Q

Non-true breeding

A

some offspring don’t look like parents

82
Q

Genotype

A

genetic makeup

83
Q

Phenotype

A

traits

84
Q

Karyotype

A

an individual’s complete set of chromosomes

85
Q

Cross fertilization

A

using pollen to breed different plants

86
Q

Self cross

A

pollenation within same flower/plant

87
Q

Sex Chromosomes

A

Female: XX
Male: XY

88
Q

Nucleotides

A

form the basic structure of DNA

89
Q

Trisomy

A

gamete has extra chromosome

89
Q

Genetic drift

A

random changes in allele frequency in small populations

89
Q

Allele Frequency

A

of times an allele occurs in a population

89
Q

Monosomy

A

Gamete has one less chromosome

90
Q

Fitness

A

Ability to survive and reproduce

90
Q

Prezygotic isolation

A

before fertilization

90
Q

Geological isolation

A

animals separated by georgraphic barriers and can’t reproduce

90
Q

Temporal Isolation

A

Species reproduce at different times of year or day/night

90
Q

Behavioral Isolation

A

species are not attracted to another species mating call/display

90
Q

Mechanical Isolation

A

Physical difference in sex organs

90
Q

Gametic isolation

A

Sperm of one species can not fertilize another

90
Q

Postzygotic Isolation

A

after fertilization

90
Q

Dispersal isolation

A

small group separated and can not mate with og population (founder effect)

90
Q

Missing link isolation

A

a chain of populations too far away from each other, can’t mix

90
Q

Allopatric

A

evolve into separate species becuase geographically separated

91
Q

Sympatric

A

evolve into separate species but no geographical separation

92
Q

Viral Replication

A

1.) virus enters the cell
2.) Substances in the cell begin to strip off the virus’s outer coat of protein
3.) Nucleic acid in the center of the virus is released
4.) Nucleic acid gets into the cell’s chemical manufacturing system
5.) The cell “ignores” its own chemical needs and switches to making new viruses
6.) The cell is sometimes destroyed in the process. Many of the new viruses are released to infect other cells.

93
Q

Why do some scientists argue viruses are non-living?

A

Outside of a host cell, viruses do not use any energy. They only become active when they come into contact with a host cell.

94
Q

Aerobes

A

need O2

95
Q

Anaerobes

A

poisoned by O2

96
Q

Autotroph

A

self feeder

97
Q

Obligate

A

can either use O2 or not (no sometimes)

98
Q

Facultative

A

can switch between O2 and no O2

99
Q

Aetolerant

A

Can’t use O2 but not poisoned by it

100
Q

Photoautotrophs

A

Photoautotrophs= Chlorophyll = pigment to gain energy, Water = electron donor, CO2 = carbon source, Makes sugars and releases oxygen

101
Q

Chemoautotrophs

A

Chemical bonds = energy source, CO2= carbon source, Makes sugars (sea floor, hydrothermal vents)

102
Q

Photoheterotrophs

A

Bacteriochlorophyll = pigment to gain energy, H2S= electron donor, Carbon source = other organisms, Makes elemental sulfur

103
Q

Metagenomics

A

the study of the structure and function of entire nucleotide sequences isolated and analyzed from all the organisms (typically microbes) in a bulk sample.

104
Q

What is the abominable mystery?

A

the rapid diversification of flowering plants (darwin)

105
Q

More related to animals than plants

A

Fungi

106
Q

Fungal Traits

A

Flagellum, absorbative heterotrophy, chitin in cell walls

107
Q

Hyphae

A

branching filaments that make up mycellium

108
Q

Septa

A

internal wall divisions in hyphae

109
Q

Coenocitic Fungi

A

no septa

110
Q

Coelom

A

Body cavity: influences movement (between meso and endo)

111
Q

Exoskeletons in arthropods

A

Contain Chitin

112
Q

Amniotes

A

tetrapod vertebrate animals (reptiles, birds, mammals)

113
Q

Krakatau

A

Some of the worst volcanic eruptions in modern history, nearly all specs disappear, takes many many years for specs to come back

114
Q

Equilibrium species number/S*

A

When you put graphs together you find equilibrium species # (S*)

115
Q

Charismatic megafauna

A

Large specialized animals that people care more about

116
Q
A

BIO200 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions