Bio 20

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

all of the reactions which occur within our bodies (how quickly for food to become energy

Question 2

organic molecules

Answer 2

carbon based molecules

Question 3

organic molecule’s function

Answer 3

energy storage

Question 4

carbohydrates

Answer 4

our body’s most important source of energy, plants

Question 5

3 elements in carbohydrates

Answer 5

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (“CHO”)

Question 6

C, H, O occurs in a __:__:__ ratio in glucose

Answer 6

1:2:1 ratio in glucose

Question 7

the number of carbons determine

Answer 7

the size of the molecule

Question 8

to identify a sugar it ends with a “______”

Answer 8

“-ose”

Question 9

Monosaccharide

Answer 9

simple sugars (one molecule)

Question 10

isomers

Answer 10

same molecular formula (C6H12O6) bud different structural arrangement

Question 11

disaccharides

Answer 11

combination of two monosaccharides by the removal of a water molecule
ex. sucrose, lactose, maltose

Question 12

dehydration synthesis

Answer 12

removal of water molecules

Question 13

polysaccharide

Answer 13

union of many monosaccharides

Question 14

polysaccharide: Starch

Answer 14

plant polysaccharide

Question 15

polysaccharide: cellulose

Answer 15

building block of plant cell walls

Question 16

polysaccharide: glycogen

Answer 16

animal carbohydrate storage form, stored in liver and muscles

Question 17

lipids (fats)

Answer 17

non-polar compounds that are insoluble in polar solvents like water, fats float,

Question 18

lipids function

Answer 18

help store energy

Question 19

what are lipids made of

Answer 19

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 20

triglycerides are formed by

Answer 20

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 21

triglycerides have ______ and ______

Answer 21

fats from animals (solid) at room temperature
Oils from plants (liquid) at room temperature

Question 22

animal fat

Answer 22

saturated fats that have single covalent bonds

Question 23

plant fats

Answer 23

polyunsaturated (double covalent bonds)

Question 24

saturated fats

Answer 24

more stable, difficult to break down, solid, ex. animal

Question 25

unsaturated fats

Answer 25

liquid

Question 26

phospholipids

Answer 26

add a phosphate molecule to a lipid

Question 27

waxes

Answer 27

long, stable molecules, waterproofing

Question 28

proteins

Answer 28

structural components

Question 29

what are proteins made of

Answer 29

C,H,O and nitrogen

Question 30

Amino acids

Answer 30

building blocks of protein

Question 31

Amino Groups

Answer 31

NH2

Question 32

Acid Group

Answer 32

COOH

Question 33

dehydration synthesis

Answer 33

a change in single amino acid can alter the protein, proteins join together form a peptide bond through dehydration synthesis

Question 34

polypeptide

Answer 34

when many peptide bond to make ______

Question 35

how many amino acids are there

Answer 35

20

Question 36

true/false, all amino acids can be made by the body

Answer 36

false

Question 37

proteins can change due to

Answer 37

temperature, ph, heavy metals

Question 38

denature

Answer 38

temporary protein change

Question 39

coagulation

Answer 39

a permanent protein change

Question 40

exothermic reaction

Answer 40

reactions that have a net loss of energy in the form of light, heat, or sound

Question 41

initial energy

Answer 41

required to start raction known as activation energy

Question 42

endothermic reaction

Answer 42

requires the constant addition of energy from an external source

Question 43

does products have more energy than reactants?

Answer 43

yes ex. photosynthesis

Question 44

catabolism

Answer 44

breaking down of complex molecules to more smaller one. ex. glycogen to glucose to use in the blood stream

Question 45

anabolism

Answer 45

simple molecules, complex structures ex. glucose to glycogen

Question 46

catabolism

Answer 46

breaking down complex molecules to smaller ones. ex. glycogen to glucose to use in the bloodstream

Question 47

catalysts

Answer 47

chemicals that control the speed of chemical reactions without altering the products formed, can be used again and again

Question 48

enzymes

Answer 48

globular protein catalysis found within living organisms

Question 49

enzymes permit low temperature reactions by

Answer 49

reducing the reaction's activation energy

Question 50

enzymes end in the surfix?

Answer 50

"ose"

Question 51

orient molecules for?

Answer 51

interaction

Question 52

substrate

Answer 52

molecules that the enzymes act upon, changes into a product for the reaction

Question 53

how does enzymes increase the possibility of reaction

Answer 53

by bring reactants together

Question 54

active site

Answer 54

area of the enzyme that combines with the substrate

Question 55

The "lock and key" model is proposed by

Answer 55

Emil Fischer

Question 56

"lock and key"

Answer 56

describes enzyme-substrate complex

Question 57

induced fit model

Answer 57

theory modifies, suggest the actual shape of the active sight is modifies

Question 58

cofactors

Answer 58

inorganic molecules that help enzymes to bind with substrate molecules

Question 59

coenzymes

Answer 59

organic molecules synthesized from vitamins that help enzymes to bind with substrate molecules

Question 60

can coenzymes and cofactors work with more than one kind of enzyme

Answer 60

yes

Question 61

factors effecting enzyme reactions

Answer 61

1. competitive inhibitors 2. non-competitive inhibitors 3. feedback inhibition 4. temperature 5. pH 6. substrate or enzymes concentration

Question 62

competitive inhibitors

Answer 62

molecules with shapes similar to the substrate and will compete with the substrate fir the active site

Question 63

non-competitive inhibitors

Answer 63

a substance that binds to a site other than active site, changes shape of active site, adding more substrate has no effect

Question 64

feedback inhibition

Answer 64

in a metabolic pathway by the final product of the pathway, slows the reaction rate, and combines with the enzyme at a regulatory site, changing enzyme shape

Question 65

temperature

Answer 65

heat will increase reaction rates as the molecules involved move faster and collide more often

Question 66

what does temperature peak at to have enzyme denature

Answer 66

37 degrees Celcius, higher temperatures change active site

Question 67

pH

Answer 67

each enzyme functions within a certain ph scale

Question 68

what can pH disrupt

Answer 68

the hydrogen bonds between the amino acid group, changing enzyme shape

Question 69

what can stomach enzymes function to

Answer 69

pH 9

Question 70

substrate concentration

Answer 70

the greater the # of substrate exceeds the number of available enzymes, the reaction rate will level off