BIO 2 NUTRIOTION IN HUMANS 2 Flashcards
Vitamins that are easily
absorbed in the body and
stored in fat.
Fat Soluble
refers to
the breakdown of food into
digestible particles, mainly by
the teeth.
Mechanical Digestion
refers to the
process by which compounds with a
high molecular weight in the food are
broken down into small substances
that can be absorbed by the body.
Chemical Digestion
begins in the
mouth, where salivary amylase
starts the breakdown.
Carbohydrates
begins when you first
start chewing.
Proteins
go undigested in your
digestive tract until they reach
your small intestine, where
they meet bile.
Lipids
The journey
begins in your mouth,
where chewing and
saliva start breaking
down the food.
Mouth
It plays a key role in swallowing,
ensuring that food and drink move safely from the mouth to the esophagus.
Pharynx
Once swallowed, the food travels down the esophagus, a muscular tube that pushes the food to your stomach.
Esophagus
In the stomach, powerful acids and enzymes further break down the food
into a liquid mixture called chyme.
Stomach
The chyme then moves to the small
intestine, where it mixes with digestive juices from the pancreas and liver. This
is where most nutrient absorption happens.
Small Intestine
It is where most enzymatic hydrolysis
of the macromolecules from food occurs.
Duodenum:
The rest of the small intestine is
devoted to absorbing water and the products of digestion into the bloodstream.
Jejunum
Absorption of the end products of
digestion takes place in the ileum, the surface
area of which is increased by villi and microvilli.
Ileum
secretes bile for emulsifying fats
LIVER
stores and releases bile to help your digestive system break down fats.
GALLBLADDER
helps with digestion by producing enzymes and hormones. The enzymes break down food, while the hormones regulate blood sugar.
PANCREAS
It concentrates and stores undigested
matter by absorbing mineral ions and water.
LARGE INTESTINE OR COLON
A type of active transport that
moves particles, such as large
molecules, parts of cells, and
even whole cells, into a cell.
ENDOCYTOSIS
A process where the cell
engulfs large particles like
bacteria, debris, or food.
PHAGOCYTOSIS (“Cell eating”)
Process by which cells take in
extracellular fluid with dissolved
solutes, such as fat droplets,
vitamins, and antigens.
PINOCYTOSIS (“Cell drinking”)
Process wherein proteins on the
cell membrane selectively take
specific molecules like proteins,
hormones, and nutrients.
RECEPTOR-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS ( “Lock and key)
Process by which cells excrete waste
and other large molecules from the
cytoplasm to the cell exterior.
EXOCYTOSIS (The reverse process of endocytosis)
