bio 2-5 Flashcards
Polar Covalent bond
Shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electromagnetic atom, making one atom slightly negative and one slightly positive
What do lipids do?
Phospholipid bilayer of a membrane is held together by the concept of the hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
Nucleic ACIDS
DNA RNA
Phosphate groups, sugars, nitrogenous base
monomers for proteins
Amino acids
Amino group (structural function)
-NH2
IONIC BOND
a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions
WHAT DO PROTEINS DO?
Link of amino acids; formed by dehydration rxn between the amino group and the carboxyl group of another amino acid
Monomers for lipids
Fatty acids, glycerol
Enantiomers
Mirror images of each other that differ in shape due to the prescence of an asymetric carbon
Non polar covalent bond
a type of covalent bond where electrons are shared equally between 2 atoms of similar electronegativity
if they didn’t work what would we breathe?
Phosphate group (structual function)
OPO3^2-
SULFHYDRYL GROUP (STRUCTUAL FUNCTION)
-SH
GEOMETRIC ISOMERS
have the same molecular formula and covalent bonds between atoms but differ in spatial arrangements of their atoms due to the inflexibility of double bonds
ALDEHYDE GROUPS
Carbon groups at the end of a carbon skeleton
Structural isomers
one of two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms (may also differ in the location of double bonds)
Solvent of life
The most versatile
Water is the universal solvent because it is the most versatile solvent known; it can dissolve many other substances because of the formation of hydrogen shells and it’s the ability to form hydrogen bonds
Ice floats
Hydrogen bonds connect one water molecule to four other water molecules, making a uniform network and spreading the H2O molecules out in a way, so ice floats in water
Carboxyl group (structural function)
COOH
Carbonyl group (structural function)
carbon is double bonded by oxygen c–o
electron
- charge
dna
double helix (thymine)
RNA
Single strand ( uracil)
hydroxyl group (structural function)
-OH
High specific heat
Caused by H-bonding among water molecules; when heat is absorbed by H2O, hydrogen bonds in the water absorb the heat to break their bonds (take a high temperature to break all the H-bonds), so the water molecules can move freely
Polymers of carbohydrates
Dissacharides (sucrose, maltos, lactose)
Polysaccarides (glycogen, cellulose, starch)
Protons
Positively charged
Nuetrons
No charge
Monomers of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose)
Methyl group (structural function)
CH3
Ketone groups
Carbonyl groups within the skeleton
Cohesion
Linkage together of like molecules often by H bonds
