Bio 2

Question 1

What is Data?

Answer 1

Data- measurements or observations

Example: The weight of a person, the temperature of a room

Question 2

What is a Dataset?

Answer 2

Dataset is a collection of measurements or observations

Question 3

What are the types of Data?

Answer 3

Types - numeric (quantitative) and non-numeric (qualitative)

Question 4

What is Data collection?

Answer 4

The process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.

Question 5

What are the Sources of Data?

Answer 5

Sources of Data: Primary, Secondary

Question 6

Methods/techniques for data collection

Answer 6

Interview (structured or unstructured format)
Survey (self admin, mail phone, face-to-face)
Focus Group Discussion
Observation (participatory, non-participatory, concealed, non-concealed)
Document/Record review (media content analysis, literature review, clinic records, hospital registers)
Community-based participatory exercises: SWOT Analysis
A combination of two or more of the above methods
Methods and tools for data collection

Question 7

Tools/Instruments for data collection

Answer 7

Interview guide or questionnaire (closed and/or open ended)
Questionnaire (closed and/or open ended)
Discussion guide (open and/or closed ended)
Field notes, checklist, list of behaviours or events to be counted
Checklist, coding sheets and coding scheme
Checklist, coding sheets, summaries

Question 8

Interviews

Answer 8

Most frequently employed methods are:
Personal Interviews
Telephone Interviews
Mailed Questionnaire
In general an interview method is considered best if it will obtain the needed information with:
- Highest degree of accuracy
- Lowest cost
- Shortest time

Question 9

Questionnaire

Answer 9

A written Questionnaire is a set of questions which have been prepared to obtain specific information
A questionnaire may be:
- Interviewer administered: The interviewer carries the questionnaire, reads the questions to respondents and writes the answers given. The Interviewer must not be judgmental in his attitude or body language
- Self-administered questionnaire: The questionnaire (with instructions on how to complete it) is collected or returned after completion.