Bio 1Br June 2021 Flashcards
Role of chlorophyll
- Absorb light
- for photosynthesis
Substance digest fat
Lipase
substance diffuse across synapse
Neurotransmitter
Substances that prevent scurvy
Vitamin c
What is organ
Different tissues carrying out a particular function
The list gives the effects of adrenaline on different parts of the body.
- dilates the pupil in the eye
- increases heart rate
- narrows small arteries in the intestine
- converts glycogen into glucose in the liver.
Explain the advantages of these effects to a person in danger.
Dilates pupil:
- allow more light into retina
- increase awareness
Increase heart rate and
narrow small arteries in the intestine:
- more blood to lungs
- more oxygen to muscles
- more respiration
Converts glycogen into glucose in the liver:
- more glucose to muscles
- more respiration
- More energy
5 Role of bile in digestion
- Increase surface area
- Neutralise acid
- optimal pH for enzymes
- emulsifies lipid
- Breaks down large droplet into small droplet
How Villi adapt to their function
- Large surface area
- Microvilli
- One cell thick for short diffusion
- Capillaries to maintain concentration gradient
- Lacteal to absorb fats
- absorb digested food
What happened to damaged villi
- Villi becomes shorter
- Surface area decrease
- less absorption of digested food
- less glucose, amino and minerals
Why potted plants put in dark for 24 hours
(Test leaf for starch)
- Prevent photosynthesis
- Remove starch by respiration
Describe how to test the leaves for starch safely.
Put in precautions too if it mentions about safety (notes)
- Heat leaf in boiling water
- heat in ethanol using water bath (remove chlorophyll)
- Wears safety glasses
- Add iodine solution
- Turn blue black is present
What happens to leaf with strip of black paper on it
(Test leaf for starch)
- No starch present under paper
- Due to not having chlorophyll
- So it does not turn blue black when added iodine
Why plants store carbohydrate such as starch rather than glucose
- Starch is insoluble
- Therefore it can’t diffuse out
Haploid and diploid according to karyotype
Haploid is onefull set of chromosomes
Diploid is two full set of choromosomes
Suggest how one might have extra chromosomes
- mutation
- failure of chromosomes to seperate during meiosis
Why female over 35 are more likely to give birth to baby with genetic disorder
- Gametes are older
- mutations are more likely
Transgenic definition
- Transfer of gene
- From a different species
Effects of temperature on growth of snail
- enzymes gain more kinetic energy
- More frequent collisions
- Faster respirations
Explain why the assimilation efficiency of a primary consumer is less than the
assimilation efficiency of a secondary consumer.
Assimilation efficiency is the percentage of food that is eaten and not egested as faeces.
- eat producers
- cannot digest parts
Why mammal has lower food that is made into new biomass
- Maintain body temp
- Mammal respire more
- heat loss
How style helps tissue to grow
- supplies glucose
- respiration
- make protein
- supply water
- cell elongation
Why mouse uses more oxygen than human
- mouse is smaller
- larger surface area to volume ratio
- maintain body temp
- more respiration
Differences between frog heart and human heart
- human heart has 4 chambers
- frog heart has 3 chambers
Explain how the structure of the heart of a frog means that it is unable to
move for long periods of time.
no semi lunar valve:
- blood can flow back to ventricle
-less oxygenated blood to body
- less respiration
One ventricle:
- oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood mix
- less efficient gas exchange
Plasma transport named substances
- glucose : intestine to liver
- amino acids: Ileum to
body/liver - Fatty acids: Intestine to cells
- Hormones: endocrine glands to organs/tissues
- Urea: Liver to kidney
- CO2: Cells to lungs
- Antibodies: To infection
- Clotting proteins: to wound
How phagocytes defend body from infection
- Ingest pathogen
- release digest enzymes
Test plasma for protein
- Add biuret
- Turns blue black
