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BIO 190 > BIO 190 - Skeletal System 1 > Flashcards

BIO 190 - Skeletal System 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

red marrow

A
  • blood cells
  • infants: central marrow cavities
  • adults: interior of epiphysis
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2
Q

yellow marrow

A
  • adipose tissue (fat)

- medullary cavity, central cavity of shaft

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3
Q

intramembranous ossification

A
  • fast
  • develops from embryonic tissue and layers of connective tissue
  • in flat bones, skull, some facial bones
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4
Q

endochondral ossification

A
  • from hyaline cartilage
  • primary ossification center: diaphysis
  • secondary ossification center: epiphysis
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5
Q

transverse fracture

A
  • straight line across

- alignment still there

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6
Q

oblique fracture

A

angle that is not 90 degrees

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7
Q

spiral fracture

A

twisting

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8
Q

comminuted fracture

A

shatter

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9
Q

impacted fracture

A

one fragment driven into another

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10
Q

greenstick fracture

A
  • partial

- only one side of bone is broken

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11
Q

open/compound fracture

A

through skin

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12
Q

closed/simple fracture

A

does not tear through skin

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13
Q

fracture treatment

A
  • closed reduction: manipulation by hand

- open reduction: manipulation by surgery

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14
Q

What are the 4 steps in bone repair?

A
  1. fracture hematoma: clotting, blood-filled swelling
  2. internal and external fibrocartilage: form to splint bone
  3. cartilage (of the calli) turns to spongy bone
  4. remodeling: osteoblasts and clasts
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15
Q

rickets osteomalacia

A
  • soft bones
  • bowl legs
  • due to deficiency in vitamin d
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16
Q

osteoporosis

A
  • bone atrophy/porous bone

- occurs inside of bone

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17
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A
  • autoimmune disease, attacks articular cartilage
  • scar tissue form and connects bone together, fuse
  • flare ups and remission, vulnerability to other infections
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18
Q

osteoarthritis (OA)

A
  • articular cartilage gets soft, frayed, and breaks down

- bone spurs: bony projections on edge of bone

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19
Q

gouty arhtritis

A
  • uric acid collects in blood
  • deposited as crystals into soft joint tissues
  • drugs, diet restrictions, weight loss
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20
Q

synarthrosis

A

non movable

21
Q

amphiarthrosis

A

slightly movable

22
Q

diarthrosis

A

freely movable

23
Q

fibrous joints

A
  • synarthrosis
  • joined by fibrous connective tissue
  • sutures in skull, periodontal membranes, distal ends of tib fib, middle of radius/ulna
24
Q

cartilaginous joints

A
  • amphiarthrosis
  • tough and strong
  • pubic symphysis, intervertebral disks
25
Q

synovial joints

A
  • diarthrosis

- accessories: articular cartilage, articular disks, bursae, synovial capsule, tendon sheaths

26
Q

synovial joints

A
  • ball and socket
  • condoloid/ellipsoidal
  • gliding/plane
  • hinge
  • saddle
  • pivot
27
Q

ball and socket joint

A
  • articular face in depression
  • round, rotation
  • extremely movable
  • shoulder and hip
28
Q

condoloid/ellipsoidal

A
  • oval articular face within depression
  • angular motion
  • between metacarpals and phalanges, occipital condyles
29
Q

gliding/plane

A
  • flattened or slightly curved
  • linear motion
  • not a lot of movement
  • bones in carpals, tarsals, end of clavicles, between vertebrae
30
Q

hinge

A
  • angular motion

- knee and elbow

31
Q

pivot

A
  • rotation

- between atlas and axis

32
Q

saddle

A
  • two concaved bones

- between carap and metacarpal of thumb

33
Q

articular cartilage

A
  • layer of hyaline cartilage

- coats epiphysis

34
Q

compact bone

A
  • part of long bone

- dense, smooth, homogenous

35
Q

spongy bone

A
  • part of long bone
  • trabeculae: needle like bars
  • lots of open space
36
Q

intramembranous bone

A
  • see intramembranous ossification
37
Q

endochondral bone

A
  • see endochondrial ossification
38
Q

diaphysis

A
  • shaft of long bone
  • made up of compact bone
  • medullary cavity: yellow bone marrow
39
Q

epiphysis

A
  • end of long bone
  • made up of spongy bone
  • red bone marrow
40
Q

epiphyseal disk

A
  • cartilage in between bones for children, because they are still growing
  • chondrocytes build framework, osteoblasts replace, epiphyseal disk remains, long bones stop growing once they disks ossify
41
Q

periosteum/endosteum

A
  • outer layer, containing osteoblasts

- inner layer, containing osteoclasts

42
Q

medullary cavity

A
  • yellow bone marrow
43
Q

hematopoiesis

A

process of producing blood cells

44
Q

canaliculi

A
  • tiny canals
  • run from central canal to lacunae of first lamella
  • then lamella to lamella
45
Q

osteoblast

A
  • build bone

- become osteocyte

46
Q

osteocyte

A
  • mature bone cells
  • maintain matrix and bone tissue
  • embedded in bone
  • canaliculi, osteonic canal
47
Q

osteoclast

A
  • break down

- acid emnzymes

48
Q

osteonic canal

A
  • blood and nerve supply for osteocytes

BIO 190 (4 decks)

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