BIO Flashcards
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell.
True or False: All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.
True.
Fill in the blank: The process by which plants convert sunlight into energy is called __________.
photosynthesis.
What are the four main types of macromolecules found in living organisms?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is not a component of DNA? A) Adenine B) Thymine C) Uracil D) Cytosine
C) Uracil.
What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?
To synthesize proteins.
True or False: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
True.
What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?
To act as catalysts that speed up the reactions.
Fill in the blank: The genetic material in all living organisms is made up of __________.
DNA.
Multiple Choice: Which process do cells use to divide? A) Mitosis B) Photosynthesis C) Respiration D) Fermentation
A) Mitosis.
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism.
True or False: Evolution is a process that occurs in individuals.
False.
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
To regulate what enters and exits the cell.
Fill in the blank: __________ are the building blocks of proteins.
Amino acids.
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis? A) Nucleus B) Chloroplast C) Golgi apparatus D) Lysosome
B) Chloroplast.
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus; eukaryotic cells do.
True or False: All enzymes are proteins.
True.
What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration?
To convert glucose into ATP (energy).
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the control center of the cell.
nucleus.
Multiple Choice: What structure is responsible for packaging and shipping proteins? A) Ribosome B) Endoplasmic reticulum C) Golgi apparatus D) Lysosome
C) Golgi apparatus.
What is the significance of the plasma membrane’s fluid mosaic model?
It describes the structure of the plasma membrane as flexible and composed of various proteins and lipids.
True or False: The large central vacuole is found only in animal cells.
False.
What is the process of transcription?
The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.
Fill in the blank: __________ are responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood.
Red blood cells.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a type of connective tissue? A) Muscle B) Neuron C) Adipose D) Epithelial
C) Adipose.
What is the role of the immune system?
To defend the body against pathogens.
What is an order of magnitude?
An order of magnitude is a class of scale or size that is a factor of ten.
True or False: An order of magnitude increase means multiplying by 10.
True
Fill in the blank: The human body contains approximately _____ cells.
37 trillion
What is the approximate size of a typical human cell in micrometers?
10-30 micrometers
Multiple choice: Which of the following is an order of magnitude smaller than a millimeter?
Micrometer
What is the order of magnitude of a bacterium’s size?
1-10 micrometers
True or False: A nanometer is 1/1,000,000,000 of a meter.
True
How many nanometers are in a micrometer?
1,000 nanometers
Fill in the blank: The average diameter of a red blood cell is about _____ micrometers.
7-8
What is the order of magnitude of the average size of viruses?
20-300 nanometers
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT an example of a biological structure measured in nanometers?
Human hair
What is the approximate number of bacteria in a gram of soil?
1 billion
True or False: An order of magnitude can also refer to differences in population size.
True
Fill in the blank: The order of magnitude of a typical plant cell is around _____ micrometers.
10-100
What is the size range of animal cells in micrometers?
10-30 micrometers
Multiple choice: Which is larger, a human hair or a red blood cell?
Human hair
What is the order of magnitude of the size of a typical human egg cell?
100 micrometers
True or False: The size of cells can vary significantly between different organisms.
True
Fill in the blank: A typical virus is about _____ times smaller than a typical bacterium.
10-100
What is the approximate number of cells in the human brain?
86 billion
Multiple choice: Which of the following is the largest order of magnitude?
Human body
What is the size of a typical plant cell in micrometers?
10-100 micrometers
True or False: All cells are of the same size.
False
Fill in the blank: The typical size range of a eukaryotic cell is _____ micrometers.
10-100
What is the order of magnitude of the number of cells in a fruit fly?
1 million
Multiple choice: Which structure is typically around 1 nanometer in size?
DNA helix
What are proteins made of?
Amino acids.
True or False: Proteins are only found in animal cells.
False.
What is the primary function of enzymes?
To catalyze biochemical reactions.
Fill in the blank: The sequence of amino acids in a protein is known as its _____ structure.
primary.
What is the function of ribosomes?
To synthesize proteins.
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? A) Structural support B) Energy storage C) Catalyzing reactions D) DNA replication
D) DNA replication.
What type of bond links amino acids together?
Peptide bond.
True or False: All proteins function as enzymes.
False.
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?
To synthesize proteins and lipids.
Fill in the blank: The tertiary structure of a protein is determined by its _____ interactions.
chemical.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
To modify, sort, and package proteins.
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is responsible for breaking down waste materials? A) Lysosome B) Ribosome C) Nucleus D) Chloroplast
A) Lysosome.
What are the four levels of protein structure?
Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
True or False: Proteins are only composed of 20 different amino acids.
True.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
To conduct photosynthesis in plant cells.
Fill in the blank: The _____ structure of a protein involves the arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains.
quaternary.
What type of proteins facilitate the movement of substances across cell membranes?
Transport proteins.
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is involved in energy production? A) Nucleus B) Mitochondria C) Ribosome D) Golgi apparatus
B) Mitochondria.
What are chaperone proteins?
Proteins that assist in the proper folding of other proteins.
True or False: All proteins are soluble in water.
False.
What is the primary role of structural proteins?
To provide support and shape to cells and tissues.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the control center of the cell that contains genetic material.
nucleus.
What is the role of the cytoplasm?
To hold organelles and facilitate cellular processes.
Multiple Choice: Which protein structure is primarily stabilized by hydrogen bonds? A) Primary B) Secondary C) Tertiary D) Quaternary
B) Secondary.
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
To maintain cell shape and facilitate movement.
