Bio Flashcards
Who created the Microscope
Hans and Zacharias Janssen
What are the parts of the microscope
Eyepiece: part to look through
Coarse adjustment knob: brings up table to make it clear
Fine Adjustment knob: used to bring the specimen into focus
Revolving Nosepiece: used to rotate which objective lens is being used
Objective lens: gathers light to magnify the image
Stage: where to put the substance
Stage Clips: holds the slide in place
Diaphragm: used to change the amount of light coming in
Lamp: light source
Arm: supports the tube and connects it to the base
Base: bottom of the microscope
Florenscent Microscopy
Shows the details of the cell throught different lights
Electron Microscope
Shoots electrons to get a very detailed image of the substance
What is spontaneous generation
The idea that life can emerge from any non-living matter
Who is Louis Pasteur
Studied fermentation, vaccination, and pasteurization. Knew it wasnt the air itself creating substances
Theory Scientists
Robert Brown discovered the Nucleus
M.J. Schleiden all plants are composed of cells and the nucleus were responsible for cell development
Schleiden & Schwann all plants and animal cells were composed of cells and cells were the basic unit of all organisms
Rudolf Virchow cells divide to produce more cells
Cell Theory
All living things are made up of one or more cells and the materials produced by these cells
All of life functions take place in cells making them the smallest unit of life
All cells are produced from pre-existing cells through the process of cell division
Organization of all life
Atoms-molecules- organelles-cells-tissues-organs-organ systems-organisms
Cells do all life processing including what
Nutrients, movement, growth, response to stimuli, exchange of gases, waste removal, reproduction
What are the parts of the cell
Cell membrane - communication and recognition of the other cells
Nucleus - contains DNA and directs all cellular activities
Cytoplasm - gel like substance inside the cell that contain the nutrients required by the cell
Cell Wall - cell support
Chloroplast - where photosynthesis takes place
Vacuoles - membrane found in structures that serve to store nutrients, products of secretion, facts
Turgor pressure - pressure exerted against cell wall by water
Endoplasmic reticulum - series of interconnected small tubes that branch from nuclear envelope
Smooth ER - fat and oils
Rough ER - proteins
Ribosome - where protein synthesis takes place
Lysosomes - cell digestion, parts of the cell that does not need to be there anymore is removed
Golgi Apparatus - receive substance from the ER and packages them for transport
Mitochondria - powerhouse of the cell
Centrioles - used in cell reproduction
What is the fluid mosiac model
Allow good needed substances in, let out the waste that we do not need because cells are dying, intercellular is inside the cell, extracellular is outside the cell
What is the Phospholipid Bilayer
Lipids are hydrophobic
Phosphate is hydrophilic
Proteins and carbohydrates let substances in and out of the layer
What are the different types of transport in cells
Passive, Active, Cytosis
What are the parts in Passive transport
Diffusion: movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration until equilibrum is reached, increased by adding energy
Osmosis: diffusion of water, water moves where is the most solute
Hypertonic: solution that has a higher layer of concentration of sulute than that in the cell, more solute outside
Hypotonic: solution has a lower concentration of solutes than that in the cell
Isotonic: same amount of solute to solvent in a cell
What is active transport
Requires energy and goes from low concentration to high concentration
What is cytosis
Endocytosis: molecules moving into the cell by the formation of a vesicle from the cell membrane, existing in the cell
Exocytosis: release of molecules from a vesicle that fuses with a membrane to export the molecules from the cell, entering the cell
Phagocytosis: easting, take in large particles or other cells
Pinocytosis: cells drink by taking in droplets of fluids
What is the concentration gradient
Movement in cells when there is a different in concentrations
Separated by a membrane
Low to high concentration
Does a cell want a high surface area to volume ratio
Yes
What do cells divide in Mitosis
Replacement
Repair
Growth
What is unicellular
One cell organism
What is multicellular
Many cells
Division of labour
Size for internal transport systems allow organisms to grow large size
Interdependence of cells life of the organism does not depend on one cell
What is a tissue
Groups of cells performing the same function
What is an organ
Tissues that contribute to the same function
