Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What types of cell contains chloroplasts?
Plant cells
What is the energy autotrophs use to make their own food?
Light
The food making process is called…
Photosynthesis
What are the raw materials for photosynthesis?
Sunlight , CO2, H20
What sugar is released
Glucose
What sugar is produced?
Glucose
What gas is used? And what gas is released?
Co2, oxygen
Where are most photosynthetic cells in plants found?
Chloroplasts
How many chloroplasts can be found in photosynthetic cells?
Thousands
How many membranes are around a chloroplast?
2
The outer membrane is…
Smooth
The individual sacs formed by the inner membrane are called ____ and are arranged in stacks
Granum
What pigment is found inside a thylakoid? What colour will it be
Chlorophyll, green
What are accessory pigments? What colours are they?
Other pigments that trap sunlight, red,orange, yellow,brown
Stacks of thylakoids are called____
Granum
Stacks or grana are connected by
Lammela
Why are mitochondria called the powerhouse of the cell?
They burn or break the chemical bonds of glucose to release energyto do work in a cell
What cell process occurs in the mitochondria?
Aerobic cell respiration
Why do some cells have more mitochondria?
The more active the cell the more mitochondria it will have
Where does the energy in glucose come from originally?
Photosynthesis
Where is this energy stored in glucose?
Chemical bonds
Why is cellular respiration a aerobic process?
It needs oxygen
What energy is released when the chemical bonds of glucose are broken?
Chemical energy in form of ATP
What does diffusion use?
Gasses
What does osmosis do
Move water from high concentration to low concentration
What does facilitated diffusion use
Protiens, channel ions, carriers, glucose
What are the two types of endo cytosis?
Phagocytosis(eat), and pinocytosis(drink)
Gas and water exchange occur where?
The stomata
What does the mitochondria generate?
ATP energy
What is ATP?
the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level
Where is the site of photosynthesis?
Autotrophs
Where are chloroplasts found?
Palisade and spongy tissue and in gaurd cells
What is around chloroplasts?
A double membrane to control movement between chloroplast and the cytoplasm
What are chloroplasts filled with?
Fluid called stroma where carbohydrates are made
Where is the site of cellular respiration?
Mitochondria
What are the mitochondria surrounded by?
Flat outer membrane and a folded inner membrane. Folds are called cristae and increase the surface area available for making atp
What is mitochondria filled with?
Fluid called matrix
Formula for photosynthesis?
Light energy+ 6Co2+ 6H2O= C6 H12 O6 + 6o2
Formula for cellular respiration?
C6 H12 O6 + 6o2=6co2+ 6 H2O + ATP(36-38)
What is a metabolic pathway?
Step by step series of enzyme controlled reactions in a cell.
What is metabolism?
All the reactions within a cell to support or sustain life
What are anabolic reactions?
They use energy to make large molecules from smaller ones
What is a catabolic reaction?
Releases energy by breaking large molecules into smaller ones
What speeds up anabolic and catabolic reactions?
Enzymes are used because they lower the amount of energy needed for the reaction to start
What is oxidation?
When an atom or molecule loses an electron
What is reduction?
When an atom or molecule gains an electron
Reduced molecules with large amounts of energy have what?
Reducing power
What are thylakoid pigments?
Molecules that absorb and reflects some wave flanks of light
Plants appear to be green, because?
It is being reflected by the chlorophyl
What does cellular respiration do?
Breaks down glucose into useable energy for the cell
What does cellular respiration use? (intermediate products)
ATP, FADH2 NADH
What are the three methods of releasing energy?
Aerobic, anaerobic, fermentation
What is the kreb cycle?
An aerobic process within the mitochondrial matrix
Where does pyruvate move?
To the matrix of the mitochondria
What does pyruvate lose and what does it form?
Loses a carbon, and it forms CO2
What is the purpose of the Krebs cycle?
To transform the energy from pyruvate into reducing power of NADH and FADH2
