Bio Flashcards
BioChem
Chemical Bond
The attraction between 2 atoms resulting from sharing or transfer of outer electrons
Organic Coumpounds
A Compound found mainly in living things
Carbohydrate
An orgranic Compound made of c h and o. Oxygen atom in a 2:1 ratio
Monosaccharide
A simple sugar with 3 to 7 carbon atoms in its carbon skeleton.
Polysaccharide
A complex Carbohydrate that forms when simple sugars bind together in a chain.
Saturated Fatty acids
where carbon atoms are bounded to as many Hydrogen atoms as possible
Unsaturated fatty acids
Where some atoms are not bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. Instead they are bonded to other groups of atoms.
Triglycerides
Lipids that are the main form of stored energy in animals
Phospholipids
Lipids that are the major components of cell membranes
Amino Acids
an Organic Compound composed of a central Carbon atom to which to which are boded a hydrogen atom an amino?
Polypeptide
A long chain of chemically bonded amino acids
Nucleic Acid
DNA or RNA; polymer of nucleotides are important in encoding instructions for cell proccess
Nucleotides
A subunit of DNA/RNA composed of a 5 carbon sugar, a nitrogen, containing base and a phosphate group.
Polynucleotides
Many Nucleotides binded together
DNA
A Nucleic acid consisting of 2 polynucleotide chains
RNA
A Nucleic acid (Ribonucleic acid) consisting of just one polynucleotide chain
4 major organic compounds
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Porteins
Nucleic Acids
What determines the primary structure of a protein
It’s sequence of Amino Acids
2 functions of proteins
Help keep cells in shape
make up muscle tissue
3 parts of a nucleotide
Sugars
Phosphate group
nitrogen base
Why is carbon essential to all life on earth
because carbon’s ability to form stable bonds with many elements. Helps build large and complex molecules.
3 subatomic particles
Protons (+)
Neutrons (Neutral)
electron(-)
what 2 subatomic particles are in the nucleus
Protons and Neutrons
Whats the atomic #
of protons
What is the Mass #
of Protons - # of electrons
What 2 elements are always in organic Compounds
C and H
Building blocks
Monomers
Polymers?
Many monomers together
example of a non organic compound
CO2 + CO
Carbs. Elements
C, H , O
Whats the function of a carb?
Short term Energy
Whats a Carbs Monomer?
Monosaccharide
Whats saccharide mean?
Sugar
examples of Monosaccharides
Glucose, Fructose
to every one Carbon in Carbs…
There are 2H and 1O
Disaccharide belong to…
Carbs.
Disaccharides include…
Sucrose
lactose
maltose
Hydrolysis
add water to break apart.
Polysaccharides are?
100’s of glucose molecules chained together
Ex. of Polysaccharides?
Starch
Cellulose
Chitin
Where is Cellulose found?
in the cell walls of plants!
Where is Chitin found?
Cell wall of Fungi! and bugs. You eat it in m&m’s.
Where is Glycogen stored?
The liver. Because it can.
Elements in Lipids.
C, H , O , P (CHOP)
What are Lipids Monomers?
1 Glycerol
3 fatty acids
What do lipids do?
Store long term energy.
Examples of Lipids
Phospholipids
Cholesterol
What makes up the cell membrane?
Phspholipids
What is found in the cell membrane (that’s a lipid)
Cholesterol
Do Saturated fatty acids have double bonds?
NO!!!
Unsaturated Fatty acids do….
Double bonds
Proteins Elements?
C, H , O , N, P , S
Monomers of Proteins!
amino acids
Where the peptide bond
in the middle
Wheres the Amino?
to the left to the left
Where the Acid
To the right now yall
Where the R group
up in the sky dog
Peptide bonds have ___ amino acids
2
Examples of Proteins
Hemoglobin Keratin Collagen Insulin Enzymes
WTF is Hemoglobin?
It transports O2 around the body (Like a boss ridin in the blood cell)
Keratin
It’s in my hair and skin and nails and my MF FEATHERS!
What do enzymes end with?
-ase
Substrate?
Reactant
CoFactor
Helps the enzyme do it’s thang!. (DiThang! //thats not a real word)
Coenzyme
basically a cofactor…organic molecule dough
Inhibitors?
Prevent the enzyme from doing it’s thang!
Competitive (enzymes)
Be all up in the enzymes business.
NonCompetitive
Be near the enzymes business, making it uncomfortable, but it can still do it’s thang.
CO is
Inorganic!
