Bio

Question 1

The basic structure of the cell membrane, what are phospholipids?

Question 2

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Question 3

What is the cytoplasm?

Question 4

What is the purpose of the cytoplasm?

Question 5

What is the nucleus?

Answer 5

the nucleus is a double-membraned organelle, which protects the DNA within the cell.

Question 6

What is contained inside the nucleus of a cell?

Answer 6

DNA, genetic information, or chromosomes (tightly-coiled strands of DNA)

Question 7

Why is the Mitochondria known as the sugar factory?

Answer 7

The Mitochondria is the “factory” which turns sugar from our food into energy

(so the cell can undergo its processes).

Question 8

Why is the Mitochondria sometimes known as the powerhouse of the cell?

Question 9

What is the structure of the Mitochondria?

Answer 9

Mitochondria have two membranes.
Outer and Inner membranes.

Question 10

What is the function of the cristae?

Question 11

Why do some cells have different numbers of mitochondria?

Question 12

Compare the two membranes of the chloroplast to the two membranes of each mitochondria:

Question 13

What is carried out by the chloroplast?

Question 14

What is found inside the chloroplast?

Question 15

What kind of cell has a cell wall? Do all cells have a cell wall?

Answer 15

Only the plant cell.

Question 16

How does the cell wall differ in function to the cell membrane?

Answer 16

The cell wall acts to give the cell a rigid shape and structure.

The cell wall does not have any control over what goes in or out of the cell, because that is the cell membrane’s job.

Question 17

What are the parts and organelles found in a cell?

Question 18

What is the structure of each organelle found in a cell?

Question 19

What is the function of each organelle found in a cell?

Question 20

What are the similarities and differences between the animal and plant cell?

What do the differences tell us about the function of these cells, and the processes they carry out?

Question 21

What exactly are enzymes?

Question 22

How do enzymes do what they do best?

Question 23

Why are enzymes fussy? How can we help them to do their jobs as efficiently as possible?

Question 24

What is the effect enzymes have on a biological reaction?

Question 25

Why are enzymes not considered living?

Answer 25

They are entirely made up of proteins.

Question 26

Define enzymes

Answer 26

An enzyme is a protein that allows a biological reaction to occur, without being used up in the reaction itself.

Question 27

What is the function of the active site of an enzyme?

Question 28

How does the Lock and Key model explain how enzymes work?

Question 29

How does the Induced Fit model explain how enzymes work?

Question 30

What is the effect of substrate and/or enzyme concentration on enzyme activity?

Question 31

What is meant by ‘enzyme saturation,’ why is there a limit in enzyme activity with increasing substrate concentration?

Question 31

How does temperature affect the enzyme activity? At what temperatures do enzymes work best?

Answer 31

As the temperature increases, the particles have more energy (from heat) so they move around faster and therefore are more likely to successfully collide, so the rate of reaction also increases.

Enzymes in the human body generally work best at optimum temperature which is 37 degrees. However, the optimum temperature is different for different enzymes.

Question 32

Why does enzyme activity completely stop shortly after reaching optimum temperature?

Question 33

What is denaturation (enzyme denaturing)?

Question 34

Name all the factors affecting enzyme activity:

Question 35

What is the effect that pH has on enzyme activity?

Question 36

What determines an enzyme’s optimum pH?

Question 37

What are the main ways in which enzyme inhibitors may stop enzyme activity?

Question 38

What are enzymes? What are they doing to keep themselves busy?

Question 39

How do enzymes do what they do?

Question 40

Discuss the different ways in which enzyme activity may be altered:

Question 41

Discuss the different types of passive transport that occur in a cell: diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.

Think about the similarities between all of these processes and their subtle differences.

Question 42

Discuss how cells achieve active transport of molecules, including an explanation of exocytosis and endocytosis.

Question 43

Explain why passive transport does not require energy but active transport does.

Question 44

What is the definition of diffusion?

Answer 44

Diffusion involves particles moving from an area where they are in high concentration to an area where they are in low concentration, without the expenditure of energy,

Question 45

How does osmosis differ from diffusion? What is similar between these two processes?

Question 46

What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Question 47

Why does active transport require energy in the form of ATP?

Hint: think about concentration gradients

Question 48

How do cells achieve active transport?

Question 49

What is endocytosis and exocytosis? What are their similarities and differences?

Answer 49

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