BIO

Question 1

Golgi apparatus function

Answer 1

modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport

Question 2

role of stomata in plants

Answer 2

• openings on surface of leaves for gas exchange
• intake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen

Question 3

purpose of meiosis

Answer 3

• cells divide to produce gametes (sex cells)
• formation of haploid cells
• ensuring genetic diversity

Question 4

function of the enzyme amylase in digestion

Answer 4

breaks down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars

Question 5

hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar levels in humans

Answer 5

• Insulin
• by promoting the uptake and storage of glucose

Question 6

purpose of the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration

Answer 6

• also known as the citric acid cycle
• generates high-energy molecules (ATP) and electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) for the electron transport chain.

Question 6

role of the thymus gland in the immune system

Answer 6

• maturation and differentiation of T-cells

Question 7

Define homeostasis

Answer 7

ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment

Question 8

Define homeostasis

Answer 8

ability of an organism maintain a stable internal environment

Question 9

difference between mitosis and meiosis

Answer 9

• Mitosis is a cell division process that results in two identical daughter cells
• meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid cells.

Question 10

process by which green plants convert light energy into chemical energy

Answer 10

• Photosynthesis
• onvert light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen.

Question 11

function of the ribosomes in cells

Answer 11

• protein synthesis
• assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains based on messenger RNA (mRNA).

Question 12

Differentiate between exocrine and endocrine glands

Answer 12

• Exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts
• endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 13

Explain the process of osmosis

Answer 13

• movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane
• from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Question 14

four types of tissue found in the human body

Answer 14

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue

Question 15

role of the respiratory system in the human body

Answer 15

exchange of gases between body and environment

Question 16

Define antigen and explain its role in the immune response

Answer 16

• An antigen is a molecule that can elicit an immune response.
• triggers the production of antibodies by B-cells and activates T-cells.

Question 17

purpose of the circulatory system in the human body

Answer 17

transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body, ensuring proper functioning of organs and tissues.

Question 18

Differentiate between complete and incomplete dominance

Answer 18

• Complete dominance occurs when one allele completely masks the effect of another
• incomplete dominance results in a blending of traits from both alleles.

Question 19

three types of muscle tissue found in the human body

Answer 19

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle

Question 20

difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph

Answer 20

• Autotrophs (such as plants) produce their own food through photosynthesis
• heterotrophs (such as animals) rely on consuming other organisms for food.

Question 20

define biodiversity

Answer 20

Biodiversity refers to the variety of species and ecosystems on Earth.

Question 21

function of the hypothalamus in the brain

Answer 21

• maintaining homeostasis
• regulating various bodily functions, including body temperature, hunger, thirst, and hormone production.

Question 22

process of DNA replication

Answer 22

• DNA molecule is duplicated, resulting in two identical DNA molecules
• It occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle

Question 23

Name four chambers of the human heart

Answer 23

The four chambers of the human heart are the left and right atria, and the left and right ventricles.

Question 24

role of DNA in protein synthesis

Answer 24

DNA contains the genetic information necessary for protein synthesis.
It is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), which is then translated into proteins.

Question 25

Differentiate between anabolism and catabolism.

Answer 25

• Anabolism is the process of building complex molecules from simpler ones,
• catabolism involves the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

Question 26

name the hormone responsible for the fight-or-flight response in humans.

Answer 26

• Adrenaline
• also known as epinephrine

Question 26

function of the semicircular canals in the inner ear

Answer 26

detecting rotational movements and maintaining balance and equilibrium

Question 27

Define natural selection

Answer 27

organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to the gradual evolution of species