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Question 1

Qualitative Research Design

Answer 1

Refers to the general strategy in answering the research problems of your qualitative study
Qualitative research designs help researchers find a logical framework for the relationships of the variables under investigation.
In choosing the research design, the research problem, the focus of the study, the researcher’s training and experience, and willingness should all be considered.
Types: Case Study, Phenomenology, Ethnography, Grounded Theory, Historical and Narrative
Different research designs exist for both qualitative and quantitative research.

Question 2

Case Study

Answer 2

A qualitative research design used to analyze a case.
A case can be the study of an individual, a group, an event, or an organization.
Example Topic: A Case Study on the Life of a Bulimic: Career, Family, and Life Struggles (Case: A person with bulimia)
The findings from a case study cannot be generalized for the entire population.

Question 3

Phenomenology

Answer 3

Refers to the study of a phenomenon.
Describes and analyzes a series of events that leads to a phenomenon.
Example Topic: Working in Isolation: Analyzing the Experiences of Work-at-Home Employees (Phenomenon: Working in isolation)

Question 4

Ethnography

Answer 4

Study of the lifestyle and culture of a group of people
People living in rural or urban communities
Example Topic: The Secret Spices of the Bicolanos (Group: Bicolanos)

Question 5

Grounded Theory

Answer 5

Generates new theories from the research data.
The theory of your study is “grounded” on the research data.
Example Topic: Efficient Fishing Methods of the Visayan People in Cebu (Theory created: Different efficient methods in fishing used by Cebuanos)
Research data is the most important element in using grounded theory as a research design.

Question 6

Historical

Answer 6

The study of past events
Used to understand the present events or anticipate future events
Example Topic: Filipino Roots: The Rich Prehistoric Times of the Philippines (Historical event: Prehistory of Philippines and its people)
Historical research are most commonly used by archaeologists, anthropologists, and historians.

Question 7

Narrative

Answer 7

Study of a person’s life experiences expressed in a narrative
The subject is an individual whose life experiences may be related to others.
Example Topic: My mother’s discovery of the greatness of Filipino cinema (Narrative to be studied: The mother’s experiences on watching Filipino cinema)

Question 8

Sampling Procedure for Qualitative research (P/S)

Answer 8

Population - large collection of individuals where sample is taken from
Sample - individuals taken from the population to be study

Question 9

Types of Samples (SRIP)

Answer 9

1. Subjects - least participation, mostly used in experimental studies
2. Respondents - people who are surveyed
3. Informants - experts guiding a researcher, providing information
4. Participants - has the most participation, mostly in observation-based studies

Question 10

Sampling Procedure (P/NP)

Answer 10

A. Probability Sampling Procedure
Uses chance in choosing or selecting the sample of the study
Mostly used in quantitative studies

B. Non-Probability Sampling Procedure
Does not use chance in choosing or selecting the sample of the study
Mostly used in qualitative research

Question 11

B. Non-Probability Sampling Procedure

Answer 11

PCQS

Question 12

Purposive Sampling

Answer 12

Researchers have pre-selected criteria in choosing the respondents.
Mostly used in qualitative research
A “purpose” for choosing the sample of the study
Example: An investigation on consumer decision making on the shampoo brands X, Y and Z. Respondents should have used or are regularly using the shampoo brands stated in the study.

Question 13

Convenience Sampling

Answer 13

Choosing a sample is based on the researcher’s convenience.
Example: Perception of young professionals on using selected life insurances (Choose young professionals who you already know personally.)

Question 14

Quota Sampling

Answer 14

Forms subgroups that contain specific characteristics that the researcher needs.
The researcher has the liberty to choose any of the respondents per subgroup until quota or desired number of respondents per subgroup is reached.
Example: Perception of stay-at-home moms one brand imaging (Group the population into age groups (e..g, 21-40 and 41-60). Then select five from each subgroup who can be a relative, friend, or acquaintance.)
Quota sampling is the counterpart of cluster sampling in probability sampling method.

Question 15

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Answer 15

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Question 16

Snowball Sampling

Answer 16

Sample is based on recommendations of respondents.
Sample grows gradually like a “snowball.”
Example: Attitudes of HUMSS students towards digital storytelling (Look for one HUMSS student who writes digital stories then ask for recommendations on other possible respondents.)
Snowball sampling is mostly used in research with samples that are difficult to find.