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Science gr 10 > Bio > Flashcards

Bio Flashcards

1
Q

List the three parts of cell theory

A
  1. All organisms are made of cells
  2. Cells are the basic unit of life
  3. All cells come from pre-existing cells
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2
Q

Name microscope parts

A

Arm
Base
Coarse adjustment knob
Condenser lena
Diaphragm
Eyepiece
Fine adjustment knob
Light
Objective lens
revolving nose piece
Stage
stage clips
Tube

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3
Q

What is the vacuole and where is it located?

A

Larger in plant cells, typically floating roundish organelles they contain and remove substances like handling waste products and storing nutrients

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4
Q

What are lysosome and where are they located

A

Small round structures with small bits inside, they are unique to animal cells and ingest foreign substances

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5
Q

What is a ribosome and where is it located

A

Ribosomes produce and synthesize proteins, and can be free roaming or attached to the rough er

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6
Q

What and where is the golgi complex

A

Proteins are processed and transported, and it is similar to the ER but not attached to the nucleus

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7
Q

What and where is the cytoplasm?

A

Cytoplasm is all through the cell, a gel like substance that helps to move things through cells

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8
Q

What does the nucleus do

A

Control cell growth and contains dna

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9
Q

What does the nucleolus do

A

On the inside of nucleus, and assembles ribosomes

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10
Q

What does the cell membrane do

A

Act as a selectively permeable membrane to protect the cell and control what is inside

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11
Q

What does the mitochondria do

A

Produce atp

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12
Q

How to distinguish between smooth and rough ER

A

Smooth does not have ribosomes while rough does

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13
Q

What does a centriole do

A

control spindle fibres

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14
Q

What and where is a cloroplast

A

Shape similar to the mitochondria but more rough looking inside, it performa photosynthesis

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15
Q

Explain simple diffusion

A

Particles moving across the concentration gradient in order to reach dynamic equilibrium, or an isotonic solution

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16
Q

Explain facilitated diffusion

A

Particles that cannot pass through a cell membrane get help from channels to move through with the concentration gradient

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17
Q

Explain endocytosis

A

Cell ingesting a large material by engulfing it

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18
Q

Explain exocytosis

A

A cell expelling a large particle by pushing it away and pinching off to move it outside the cell, the reverse of endocytosis

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19
Q

What limits cell size

A

the decreased ability of a cell to absorb nutrients the larger it becomes

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20
Q

Why do cells divide

A

Growth, repair, reproduction

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21
Q

Describe interphase

A

The first phase of the cell cycle and the longest, cell replicates dna, grows, and performs daily functions

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22
Q

What are the phases of the cell cycle in order

A

Introphase
Mitosis
Cytokineses

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23
Q

Describe prophase

A

Chromatids condense and parent chromosomes replicate

24
Q

Describe metaphase

A

spindle fibres pull chromosomes to the centre of the cell, nucleus dissolved

25
Q

Describe anaphase

A

Spindle fibres pull chromatids to poles

26
Q

Describe telophase

A

Nuclei form around the separated chromosomes, chromatin unfoils

27
Q

Cytokenisis

A

In animal cells, the cytoplasm pinches off in the middle

In plant cells, a cell wall forms between the two nuclei

28
Q

What do spindle fibres anchor to

A

Centrioles

29
Q

Define a chromatid

A

One of the two strands of DNA

30
Q

Cellular differentiation is the process of

A

Creating specialized cells

31
Q

All cells originated from the

A

Zygote

32
Q

What is a specialized cell

A

A cell that has developed special characteristics that make them well suited for their function

33
Q

What are stem cells

A

Unspecialized cells

34
Q

Embryonic stem cells can

A

Divide or become other cells

35
Q

Adult stem cells are

A

Limited in function

36
Q

Arteries travel ____ from the heart typically

A

Away

37
Q

Arteries are rich in

A

Oxygen and nutrients

38
Q

Arteries are under ____ pressure

A

High

39
Q

The three parts of the cardiovascular (circulatory) system are

A

Blood
Heart
Blood vessels

40
Q

The three blood vessels are

A

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

41
Q

Veins cary blood ____ to the heart

A

Back

42
Q

Veins are rich in

A

Carbon dioxide and waste

43
Q

Capillaries are so small, their walls are ___ cell/s thick

A

1

44
Q

Capillaries connect to

A

Arteries and veins

45
Q

Capillaries surround

A

Cells

46
Q

Pressure in capillaries is

A

From high to low

47
Q

Gas exchange occurs in the

A

Capillaries, co2 and o is exchanged, also alveoli

48
Q

RBCs function is

A

To carry oxygen to cells, it does this through hemoglobin as it has an affinity for oxygen

49
Q

WBCs function is

A

To destroy foreign substances

50
Q

Platelets function is

A

Stopping bleeding (clots)

51
Q

Plasma is rich in

A

Nutrients

52
Q

How many chambers does the human heart have

A

4

53
Q

Describe blood flow through the heart

A

Venacava
RA
RV
PA
PV
LV
Aorta

54
Q

What do enzymes do

A

Break down big molecules into smaller molecules

55
Q

Teeth’s function

A

Mechanical breakdown

56
Q

Salivas function

A

Lubricant

57
Q

What does the epidglotis do

A

Block windpipe

Science gr 10 (2 decks)

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