Bio Flashcards
What are living things
MSGREEN-Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion and Nutrition.
Cell theory
-All living things are made up of cells
-All cells rise from pre existing cells
-Ogranisimis can be made up pf one or more cells
- basic unit of life
prokaryotic
-Archaea, Bacteria
-Do not posses a nucleus, DNA is found free in cytoplasm in region called nucleoid
-Lack membrane bound organelles, RIBOSOMES
-Cell wall, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm. nucleoid, Plasmid, Ribosomes, capsule, flagella, pili
-Binary Fission, asexual reproduction and cell division, DNA is copied, separates
eukaryotic
-posses a nucleus
-posses membrane bound organelles eg, ER, Golgi, Mito, Lysosomes
- More complex
Organelles
internal compartment of a cell, held cytoplasam. All organelle membranes made up of phospholipid bilayers
Nucleus
Contains DNA found in chromosomes, contains nucleoli
ER
Used to transport material inside cell. Rough ER, ribs attached, proteins produced and exported out the cell. Smooth, Lipids are produced
Ribosomes
Not a organelle, Not enclosed membrane but is solid, Made from protien and rRNA, protein produce. Found in cytosol and attached to ER. Found both eu and pro cells
Golgi
Pancakes, Packages material for export out of cell.
Lysomes
Found in animals, digestive enzyme, destroys unwanted cells
Mitochondria
double membrane, have own DNA and ribosomes, source chemical energy by producing ATP
Chloroplast
Double membrane bound, Contain fluid that carries out photosynthesis, have own DNA and ribosomes
Vacuole
much larger in plants, Physical support, Movement od substance in and out, store water, disolves things or waste like salts, toxic substances
Plasma Membrane
Outer surface of cell, Made from phosophlipid bilyers, fats mixed with eachother. controls movment in and out cell.
Cell Wall
Structure
Cytosol
jelly like, protects cells
Not membrane bound
Ribosomes, Cell wall, cytoskelton, plasma membrane
Photosynthesis
plants make energy in form of glucose by using sunlight water and co2, to make oxygen.
Cellular Respiration
All cells use to release energy, food/glucose. Food called ATP, mitochondria is responsible for aerobic resperation.
ATP
energy inside the cell
Plasma membrane
controls movement in and out the cell, made from phospholipid bi layers, phosphate heads and fatty acid tail
Diffusion
passive movement of particals from a region of high concentration to a region if low concentration, doesnt require ATP and countinous until equalibrium reached
Crossing plasma membrane
simple diffusion, osmosis for water, facilitated diffusion, active transport, bulk transport
Facilitated Diffusion
large molecules and ions passing down a concentration, no energy is required and it happens through channels
Passive Transport
does not require ATP, moves substance across the membrane, example- diffusion
Osmosis
Passive movement of water molecules, no energy required and occurs when equilibrium is reached
Hypotonic
lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water
Hypertonic
Higher concentration of solutes and lower concentration of water than inside the cell. Water moves inside cell, cell shrinks
Isotonic
Concentration is equal
Active transport
movement of a substance against concentration gradient which always requires ATP
