Bio 115 Test 2 Flashcards
Sign Stimulus
the trigger for the behavior
Innate Releasing Mechanism
the part of the organism that is perceiving the stimulus and initiating a response
Fixed Action Pattern
The response behavior that always happens as a result of the sign stimulus
Learned Behavior
acquired through experience and dependent upon memory
Proximate Causation
behavior is the (sign) stimulus that triggered the behavior
Ultimate Causation
big evolutionary advantage to the behavior- Live longer and have more kids
Phototaxis
Movement in response to light
Mechanotaxis
Movement in response to physical contact
Chemoresponse
chemical response to physical contact or damage
Learning
Adjusting a response after exposure to stimulus
Intelligence
Ability to learn and to solve problems/difficulty
Insight
Ability to visualize a problem and its solution
Operant Conditioning
Trial and Error learning
Sensitive Phase
an inherent timetable for learning that is determined by genes in animals
Critical Period
When learning is at its best
Intraspecific Communication
Communication within a single species
Interspecific Communication
Communication between species
The Functions of Communication
Warning to a predator, bright coloring
Warning to others, alarm
Advice to others, food, social position
Advertisement of reproductive condition, courtship
Territorial, get out of my space
Encoding Properties of Auditory Communication
Pitch
Modulation
Pattern
Alarm Calls
inform about predators and are sent between birds
Reciprocal Behavior
Birds of different species will corporate by making alarm calls
Pheromones
odor molecules used for communication
Ritualized aggression displays are used in place of physical confrontation, thus saving individuals from the risk of a life threatening injury. This is why few male deer or bighorn sheep die during and just after the mating season. T/F
False
Plants evolved from photosynthetic green algae. Photosynthetic cyanobacteria are the ancestor organisms of all unicellular green algae. T/F
False
Place the following adaptations in the order in which they evolved from oldest to most recent.
1- spores 2- aerobic metabolism 3- flowers 4- cones 5- vascular system
2, 1, 5, 4, 3
What is the correct order for the following adaptations from oldest to most recent?
1- calcified (bony) jaws 2- vertebrae around notochord 3- calcified eggshell 4- aerobic metabolism 5- sexual reproduction
4, 5, 2, 1, 3
Class Reptilia contains the highest total number of species (extinct + living) of the terrestrial vertebrates. What adaptation(s) has/have allowed them to be so successful? A) amniotic egg with shell B) skin made of scales C) calcified (bony) vertebrae D) Both (A) and (B) E) All of these
D) Both (A) and (B)
Place the following organisms in order in which they evolved from oldest to most recent.
1- soft-bodied animals 2- Eucarya 3- Archaea 4- wingless hexapod 5- insects
3, 2, 1, 4, 5
Three components of Behavior
Sign Stimulus
Innate Releasing Mechanism
Fixed Action Pattern
Stereotyped
a specific stimulus will always result in the same behavior.
Instinctive Behavior
hardwired behavior
Behavior
responding to a stimulus, can be hard-wired into the genetic code or learned
Etiology
the scientific study of behavior
