Bio 115 Quiz 1

Question 1

Principles of Science

Answer 1

1. Natural Causality​
2. Uniformity of Space and Time​
3. Common perception​

Question 2

Scientific Theory:​

Answer 2

a scientific explanation (hypothesis) that has undergone many experiments (attempts to disprove) without being disproven. Can be modified or disproven by later experiments.​

Question 3

What’s Biology?

Answer 3

study of life

Question 4

What’s life

Answer 4

A self-sustained chemical system capable of Darwinian evolution.​

Question 5

Darwinian Evolution

Answer 5

reproduce yourself ​

mutations possible ​

subject to natural selection

Question 6

Categories of Life​

Answer 6

Cell​

Tissues​

Organs​

Organism​

Population​

Community​

Ecosystem​

Biome​

Question 7

Categories of Life

Answer 7

Species​

Genus​

Family​

Order​

Class​

Subphylum​

Phylum​

Kingdom​

Domain​

Question 8

Archaea

Answer 8

only unicellular, DNA organized in chromosomes but not contained within a nucleus, anaerobic metabolism only​

Question 9

Bacteria

Answer 9

only unicellular, DNA organized in chromosomes inside a nucleus, anaerobic and aerobic metabolism​

Question 10

Eucarya

Answer 10

unicellular and multicellular organisms, DNA organized in chromosomes inside a nucleus, primarily aerobic metabolism

Question 11

1st Principle of Modern Evolutionary Theory

Answer 11

Organisms beget like organisms.

Question 12

2nd Principle of Modern Evolutionary Theory

Answer 12

In the majority of species, the number in each generation that survive and reproduce is usually smaller than the number that was initially produced. (Malthus’ theory)

Question 13

3rd Principle of Modern Evolutionary Theory

Answer 13

In any given population, there is a chance of mutations among individual organisms, and some are inheritable.

Question 14

4th Principle of Modern Evolutionary Theory

Answer 14

The survival and reproduction of individuals are significantly determined by how these mutations interact with the environment. Some mutations enable individuals to produce more offspring or less offspring. Some mutations might reduce survival. This is called Natural Selection.

Question 15

5th Principle of Modern Evolutionary Theory

Answer 15

With enough time, Natural Selection leads to the accumulation of changes in different populations of organisms from one another. New species come from old species. Evolution occurs at the population level, not the species level. Speciation.

Question 16

1st Type of Natural Selection

Answer 16

Directional Selection- when a specific phenotype is being selected for or against.

Question 17

2nd Type of Natural Selection

Answer 17

In Stabilizing Selection- the midpoint on the range of phenotypes in the population is being favored, and both extremes are being selected against.

Question 18

3rd Type of Natural Selection

Answer 18

Disruptive Selection is the exact opposite of Stabilizing Selection. The extreme phenotypes have more offspring or survive better than the intermediate phenotype.

Question 19

What is the oldest known human disease

Answer 19

Malaria

Question 20

Who is immune to Malaria

Answer 20

People with mutations in their hemoglobin

Question 21

Part 1 of Natural Selection

Answer 21

An individual’s phenotype interacts with the environment.

Question 22

Part 2 of Natural Selection

Answer 22

The interaction determines how many offspring the individual will have in a lifetime.

Question 23

Part 3 of Natural Selection

Answer 23

The phenotype(s) that produces the most offspring will predominate in the population.