Bio 111 Exam 3 Abridged

Question 1

direct cell-to-cell contact

Answer 1

communicate via gap junction or surface receptors

Question 2

autocrine signaling

Answer 2

cell signaling to itself

Question 3

Paracrine signaling

Answer 3

cell signaling to nearby cells

Question 4

Endocrine signaling

Answer 4

systemic signaling via hormones and
circulatory system

Question 5

slow fibers

diameter,myoglobin, protein

Answer 5

smaller diamtere
darker color bc myoglobin
fatigue resistant
aerobic
alpha-actinin-2
enduring muscle

Question 6

fast fibers

diameter,myoglobin(color), protein

Answer 6

large diameter
paler
easily fatigued
anaerobic
alpha-actinin-3
big explosive muscle

Question 7

Na+ activation gate

Answer 7

fast
closed at rest

Question 8

Na+ inactivation gate

Answer 8

slow
open at rest

Question 9

Ca++ activation gate

Answer 9

slow
closed at rest

Question 10

K+ activation gate

Answer 10

slow
closed at rest

Question 11

histamine is a ____

Answer 11

ligand bc it binds to a receptor

Question 12

because the binding of Ca produces a response, it is a ___

Answer 12

second messenger

Question 13

calcium release is triggered by ___

Answer 13

AP traveling down T-tubules

Question 14

Ca is is stored in

Answer 14

the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

if the skeletal muscle is going to produce the sliding filament action

Answer 15

ATP hydrolysis at myosin heads
Ca binding to typonin to remove trypomyosin from myosin bind sites
ca released so myosin can bind to actin
myosin binds to ATP to break crossbridge

Question 16

acetylcholine causes the cell to ___

Answer 16

depolarize

Question 17

can transcription occur in eggs?

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

estrogen and progesterone

Answer 18

have intracellular receptors
function to affect gene expression directly

Question 19

hox genes deteremine

Answer 19

segment fate

Question 20

morphogens determine

Answer 20

axis

Question 21

schwann cells are in the ___

Answer 21

PNS

Question 22

oligodendrocytes are in the ___

Answer 22

CNS

Question 23

In CMT…

Answer 23

schwann cells are destroyed
it is not an autoimmune disease

Question 24

skeletal muscle is multinucleated bc ____ fuse together during embryonic development

Answer 24

myoblasts

Question 25

mammalian embryonic stem cells are derived from

Answer 25

inner mass of blastocyte and may be totipotent

Question 26

when insulin like growth factor binds to its receptor…

Answer 26

receptor autophosphorylates
initiates a signal transduction cascade
DOES NOT open an ion channel

Question 27

skeletal muscle

Answer 27

sarcomeres
no intercalated discs

Question 28

cardiac muscle

Answer 28

sarcomeres
intercalated discs

Question 29

smooth muscle

Answer 29

no sarcomeres
no intercalated discs

Question 30

all muscle signals are

Answer 30

electric

Question 31

implantation occurs at ___

Answer 31

blastocyste stage

Question 32

zika virus…

Answer 32

infects placental cells
blocks cell cycle in neurons
may infect neuronal precursor cells

Question 33

deuterostome or protostome?
arthropod

Answer 33

protostome

Question 34

deuterostome or protostome?
mollusks

Answer 34

protostome

Question 35

deuterostome or protostome?
annelids

Answer 35

protostome

Question 36

deuterostome or protostome?
flatworms

Answer 36

protostome

Question 37

deuterostome or protostome?
nematodes

Answer 37

protostome

Question 38

deuterostome or protostome?
tunicate

Answer 38

deuterostome

Question 39

deuterostome or protostome?
sea urchin

Answer 39

deuterostome

Question 40

deuterostome or protostome?
earth worm

Answer 40

protostome