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OH MY GOD WHY DID I CHOOSE SPANISH UGH AUGH AUGH AUGH AUGH AUGH > Bio 11 flahscards - other stuff yay > Flashcards

Bio 11 flahscards - other stuff yay Flashcards

Dont off yourself before the test

1
Q

What is an Annelid

A

Worms with segmented bodies

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2
Q

What does the name “Annelid” mean?

A

Little ring

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3
Q

Annelida is the first Phylum with what in its body?

A

A coelom

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4
Q

What do protostomes develop first in their development?

A

A mouth

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5
Q

What are considered to be protostomes?

A

-Arthropods
-Mollusca
-Annelida

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6
Q

Annelids are less advanced ___

A
  • Deuterostomes
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7
Q

What are Annelids body plan?

A

Triploblastic, coelomate, and a tube withing a tube structured digestive track with coordinated digestion and specialization of the food tube

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8
Q

Annelids have ___ separated by ___which may be modified to preform special function’s

A
  • Segmented bodies
  • Septa
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9
Q

What may line the sides of Annelid worms?

A

Setae or bristles

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

Two ways that Annelids feed

A
  • Filter feeding
  • Predatorial feeding
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12
Q

How do decomposers consume food

A

They use a sticky mucus covered pharynx to feed on decaying vegetation while others filter out food particles in a mucous bag

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13
Q

What is a Nereis?

A

A carnivorous worm, like the sandworm that have sharp jaws

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14
Q

Annelids are also the first Phylum to have ___ system

A

A circulatory system

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15
Q

What does having a working circulatory system do for Annelids

A

It frees them from the diffusion of materials

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16
Q

Annelids also have ___ or a set of ___ that pump blood through the dorsal and ventral blood vessels that run the length of the body

A
  • Hearts
  • Aortic arches
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17
Q

How do aquatic annelids breathe

A

Often through gills which exchange gasses underwater

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18
Q

Why must terrestrial annelids stay moist

A

Because they still rely on diffusion through their skin for gas exchange

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19
Q

What is a nephridia?

A

A specialized excretory unit

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20
Q

What do annelids use to get rid of metabolic wastes and excess water

A

A kidney

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21
Q

Their nervous system has a single ___ with an ___

A

-Ventral cord
- Anterior brain

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22
Q

What are some of the annelids adaptations for detecting stimuli?

A
  • Sensory tentacles
  • Chemical receptors
  • Statocysts (for balance)
  • Ocelli (for detecting light)
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23
Q

How do annelids move?

A

By using their hydrostatic skeleton

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24
Q

Marine annelids have paddle-like appendages called ___?

A

Parapodia (foot-like)

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25
Q

How do annelids reproduce?

A

Sexual reproduction with external fertilization

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26
Q

What is a clitellum?

A

A secretes mucous ring where fertilization takes place in a protective cocoon

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27
Q

What are the three major classes of annelids?

A
  • Class Oligochaeta
  • Class Polychaeta
  • Class Hirudinea
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28
Q

One example of class Oligochaeta

A

Earthworm

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29
Q

One example of class Polychaeta

A

Sandworm

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30
Q

One example of class Hirudinea

A

Leech

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31
Q

What do the organisms in class Oligochaeta use to move around

A

Setae (bristles)

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32
Q

In Oligochaeta, the ___ is reduced as are the ___

A
  • Head
  • Obvious sense organs
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33
Q

Oligochaeta are well adapted to their surroundings, but must stay in ___ environments

A
  • Moist
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34
Q

Polychaeta contain ___ that are modified ___

A
  • Parapodia
  • Setae
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35
Q

What are parapodia used for?

A

Paddles, to move about, they are also used as crude gills

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36
Q

What can Hirudinea be used for?

A

Medical purposes

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37
Q

What percent of animals do Arthropod make up

A

75% (most dominant animal on earth)

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38
Q

What does Arthropod mean?

A

“Jointed foot”

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39
Q

Arthropods have segmented bodies with a ___

A
  • High degree of specialization
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40
Q

Arthropods have a tough ___ and jointed ___

A
  • Exoskeleton
  • Appendages
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41
Q

Are Arthropods Protostomes

A

Yes

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42
Q

What does it mean when something is a protostome?

A

It means that it develops it’s mouth first in early development

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43
Q

What is a Arthropods body plan?

A
  • Triploblastic
  • Coelomates
  • Tube within a tube
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44
Q

What are some parts of Arthropods that help them eat?

A
  • Jaws
  • Pincers
  • Drill-like structures
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45
Q

How do Arthropods feed?

A

Filter feeding and parasitic feeders

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46
Q

What do aquatic Arthropods use to breathe?

A

Feather-like gills

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47
Q

What do terrestrial Arthropods use to breathe?

A

Branching tracheal tubes that extend throughout their bodies and allows air to enter through spiracles

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48
Q

What are spiracles?

A

Openings on the side of the body where air enters the tracheal tubes

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49
Q

Terrestrial arthropods also use ___ for respiration

A
  • Book lungs
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50
Q

What are book lungs?

A

Organs that have layers of respiratory tissue stacked like ages of a book

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51
Q

What kind of circulatory system do Arthropods have?

A

Open circulatory system and a heart

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52
Q

How do Arthropods circulatory systems work?

A
  • Blood leaves blood vessels into sinuses or cavities
  • Collects into large sinus surrounding heart
  • Gets pumped through the body
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53
Q

How do Terrestrial Arthropods excrete wastes?

A

They use Malpighian tubes

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54
Q

What are Malpighian tubes (sacs)

A

Sacs that extract waste from the blood and put it with other digestive wastes

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55
Q

How do aquatic Arthropods excrete wastes

A

By either diffusion or by using kidney like organs called “green glands”

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56
Q

How do Arthropods move

A

Muscles contract or relax when stimulated by nervous system and different muscles pull exoskeleton to move appendages

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57
Q

How do Arthropods reproduce?

A

Sexual, internal for Terrestrial and internal or external for Aquatic

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58
Q

Arthropods exoskeletons do ___ as the animal grows so they undergo ___

A
  • Not grow
  • Molting
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59
Q

What is molting

A

When an arthropod sheds its exoskeleton and builds a larger one to replace the shedded one

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60
Q

What is the Class chilopoda in the Arthropod Phylum

A

Centpedes

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61
Q

Characteristics of centipedes

A
  • Annelid-like
  • Repeating sections
  • Body segments only have one pair of legs
62
Q

Setae are modified for what only?

A

To crude appendages, in specialized mouth parts

63
Q

What is class Diplopoda

A

Millipedes

64
Q

What are some characteristics of millipedes

A
  • Also similar to annelids, except they have an exoskeleton
  • Unspecialized appendages
  • Body segments have two pairs of legs
65
Q

What are the characteristics of the class crustacea

A
  • Have fused head and thorax (Cephalothorax)
  • Major increase in segment specialization and specialized appendages
  • Good sense organs and behavior
66
Q

What is included in the class Arachnida

A

Spiders scorpions, ticks, and mites

67
Q

Characteristics of arachnids

A
  • Fused cephalothorax
  • 4 Extra pairs of legs
  • Book lungs
  • All predators or parasites
68
Q

How much of the total population is class insecta?

69
Q

What is included in the class insecta

A

Grasshoppers

70
Q

Characteristics of the class insecta

A
  • Three separate body regions
  • Only invertebrate capable of flight
71
Q

What do Insecta use for respiration?

A

Tracheal tubes

72
Q

hat do insecta use for excretion

A

Malpighian tubules

73
Q

Study 52

74
Q

What does the word “Mollusk” mean?

75
Q

Mollusks typically have an ___ or ___ shell

A
  • Internal
  • External
76
Q

What is the commons ancestor of Mollusks?

77
Q

Why are Annelids the common ancestor of Mollusks?

A

Because of their larval stage

78
Q

What are some examples of Mollusks?

A
  • Snails
  • Slugs
  • Clams
  • Squids
  • Octopi
79
Q

Mollusks are the ___ phyla in the ___

A
  • Second largest
  • Animalia kingdom
80
Q

What are the three defining characteristics of Mollusks?

A
  • Large ventral muscular foot
  • Visceral mass located dorsal to the foot
  • Mantle covering visceral mas
81
Q

What is a Mollusks mantle?

A

A tissue layer that cover the majority of the mollusks body

82
Q

What is the body plan of a Mollusk?

A
  • Muscular foot
  • Mantle
83
Q

What are all of the forms of a Mollusks muscular foot?

A
  • Flat structure
  • Spade shape
  • Tentacle shape
84
Q

What is the purpose of a flat shaped muscular foot?

85
Q

What is the purpose of the spade shaped foot?

86
Q

What is the purpose of the tentacle shaped foot?

A

Capturing prey

87
Q

What is a visceral mass?

A

Something below the mantle that has the internal organs

88
Q

What is a mollusks shell made by?

A

Glands that secrete calcium carbonate

89
Q

What has happened to mollusks that do not have a shell?

A

Their shells have been reduced or lost

90
Q

What are some ways mollusks feed?

A
  • Carnivore feeding
  • Filter feeding
  • Detrivore feeding
  • Parasitic feeding
91
Q

Some mollusks, like snails and slugs have a ___

92
Q

What is a radula

A

A tounge shaped structure that has hundreds of tiny teeth attached

93
Q

What do some octopi produce to help them feed?

94
Q

How do Aquatic mollusks respirate?

A

By using gills inside their mantle cavity

95
Q

Do mollusks have an open or closed circulatory system?

96
Q

How are oxygen and nutrients transported around a mollusk?

A

By a circulatory system

97
Q

How do open circulatory systems in mollusks work?

A

Blood is pumped by a simple heart through blood vessels into a large sinus

98
Q

Why do open circulatory systems work well with slow moving mollusks?

A

Because they don’t require a lot of oxygen

99
Q

Why do faster moving mollusks require a closed circulatory system?

A

Because they need more oxygen

100
Q

How does excretion with mollusks work?

A
  • Body cells release nitrogen containing waste into blood to make ammonia
  • Tube shaped nephridia remove ammonia and release it out of the body
101
Q

What are some interesting things about octopi?

A
  • They have a complex nervous system
  • Well developed brain makes them more intelligent than most vertebrates
  • Can open jars
102
Q

How do Octopi move?

A

By drawing water into their mantle via jet propulsion

103
Q

How do mollusks, like snails, move?

A

By secreting a mucus at the base of their foot

104
Q

How do snails and two-shelled mollusks reproduce?

A

Sexually, by internal fertilization

105
Q

How do tentacle mollusks and some snails reproduce?

A

It happens inside the female (can be hermaphroditic)

106
Q

What does gastropoda mean?

A

Stomach foot

107
Q

Class gastropoda is the ___ of the mollusk phylum

A

Largest class

108
Q

Where do organisms in the class gastropoda live?

A

Fresh, saltwater, and land

109
Q

Characteristics of class gastropoda

A
  • Contains single spiral shell
  • Well-developed senses
110
Q

What is an animal in the class gastropoda

A
  • Snails
  • Slugs
  • Nudibranchs
111
Q

Characteristics of the Class Bivalvia

A
  • 2 hinged shells
112
Q

How does the class Bivalvia feed

A

By filter feeding

113
Q

What does the class Bivalvia use their gills for?

A
  • Respiration
  • Filter feeding
114
Q

What is included in the class Bivalvia?

A
  • Clams
  • Oysters
  • Scallops
  • Muscles
115
Q

What is included in the class CEPHALOPODA

A
  • Squids
  • Octopi
116
Q

Class CEPHALOPODA is ___

A
  • The most highly eveloves invertebrates
117
Q

Characteristics of class CEPHALOPODA

A
  • Complex eyes
  • Capable of learning
  • Motile predators
  • Shell greatly reduced
118
Q

What is included in the class Cephalopoda?

A
  • Cuttlefish
  • Nautilus
119
Q

The phylum Echinodermata is also known as the ___

A
  • “Spiny skinned animals”
120
Q

Characteristics of the phylum Echinodermata

A
  • Exclusively marine
  • Semi flexible endoskeleton of calcarious plates
  • Have pentaradial symmetry
121
Q

What is pentaradial symmetry?

A

Means that all structures are in fives

122
Q

Example of something with Pentaradial symmetry

A

Sand dollar

123
Q

How does the phylum Equinodermos reproduce?

A

Mostly sexual, but can regenerate

124
Q

The phylum Equinodermos has a unique system called ___

A

Water vascular

125
Q

What is water vascular

A

Something that is used for movement, feeding, and respiration

126
Q

What are the five classes of the phylum Equinodermos

A
  • Asteroidea
  • Echinoidea
  • Holothuroidea
  • Ophiuroidea
  • Crinoidea
127
Q

What is an animal in the class Asteroidea?

128
Q

Three things about starfish

A
  • Flattened body
  • Pentaradial symmetry
  • Mostly carnivorous
  • Good regeneration powers
129
Q

What is an animal in the class Echinoidea

A
  • Sea urchin
  • Hedgehog
130
Q

Body plan of the class Echinoidea

A
  • Oval shaped body
  • Sharp calcareous material that make up their spines
  • Arms are absent
131
Q

The class Echinoidea are mostly ___ when it comes to feeding

A

Detritivores

132
Q

What is included in Class Holothuroidea?

A
  • Sea cucumbers
133
Q

Body plan of the Class Holothuroidea

A
  • Long and cylindrical
  • Arms absent
134
Q

Class Holothuroidea are ___ feeders

135
Q

What is the Greek root for Class Asteroidea’s ame?

A

“asteroeides” - Starlike

136
Q

What is the greek root for Class Echinoidea’s name?

A

“ekhinos” - spine

137
Q

What is the greek root for ekhinos name?

A

“holothurum” - sedentary marine animal

138
Q

What is the Greek root for Class Ophiuroidea’s name?

A

“ophis”, snake + Greek “oura”, tail

139
Q

What is the body plan for Class Ophiuroidea

A
  • Penta-radial symmetry
  • Long slender arms
140
Q

When it comes to feeding Class Ophiuroidea are mostly ___ feeders

A

Detritivores or filter

141
Q

Animals included in Class Ophiuroidea

A
  • Brittle star
  • Basket star
142
Q

What is the greek root for Class Crinoidea’s name

A

“krinon” - Lily

143
Q

Physical traits for Class Crinoidea

A
  • Long feathery arms
144
Q

When it comes to feeding, Class Crinoidea are mostly ___

A
  • Filter feeders
145
Q

Animals included in Class Crinoidea

A
  • Feather star
  • Sea lillies
147
Q

Why are insects successful?

A

Because they have a protective shell or exoskeleton, they are small, and can fly

148
Q

7 ways that crawfish and grasshoppers are similar

A
  • Jointed legs
  • Segmented bodies
  • Compound eyes
  • Digestive system in body cavity
  • Open circulatory system
  • Bilateral Symmetry
  • Both eat vegitiation
149
Q

How are grasshoppers and crawfish different

A
  • Different number and segments in their bodies
  • Different numbers of legs
  • Different number of antennae
150
Q

What are coastal clan gardens

A

A form of mariculture, where first nations created supportive and optimal habitats for class by modifying beaches

151
Q

What was one thing that clam gardens provided?

A

Food security year-round

OH MY GOD WHY DID I CHOOSE SPANISH UGH AUGH AUGH AUGH AUGH AUGH (4 decks)

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