BIO 105 EXAM 2

Question 1

Briefly, what
two biological processes are affecting the dissolved oxygen
concentrations, and how are these processes affecting the dissolved oxygen concentrations?

Answer 1

Photosynthesis
–photosynthesis splits water which produces oxygen, thus while the sun is shining the oxygen concentration is increasing.

Respiration
–respiration consumes O2 as a terminal electron acceptor in oxidative

phosphorylation. Respiration will continue in the absence of sunlight, thus decreasing the
concentration of dissolved oxygen when it is dark

Question 2

What is the source of electrons in respiration, and where do those electrons eventually end up?

Answer 2

Source: food molecules such as glucose

Final Location:e- end up on O2, forming water

Question 3

What is the source of electrons in photosynthesis, and where do those electrons eventually end up?

Answer 3

Source:water
Final Location: sugars such as glucose

Question 4

Requires an integral membrane protein specific for a substance to be transported

Answer 4

Facilitated Diffusion (FD), Active transport (AT)

Question 5

Used for getting CO2 (and other gases) out of the cell

Answer 5

Simple diffusion (SD)

Question 6

Requires a concentration gradient across the membrane

Answer 6

Simple diffusion (SD), and Facilitated diffusion (FD)

Question 7

Used for concentrating things inside a cell

Answer 7

Active transport (AT)

Question 8

Requires ATP (or some other form of energy)

Answer 8

Active transport (AT)

Question 9

Thylakoid

Answer 9

chlorophyll molecules are found here (be as specific as possible)

Question 10

Chloroplast and Mitochondrion

Answer 10

thought to have arisen from endosymbiotic prokaryotes

Question 11

Matrix

Answer 11

the innermost compartment of the mitochondrion

Question 12

Cytoskeleton

Answer 12

composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filament

Question 13

Golgi apparatus

Answer 13

this organelle functions in sorting and shipping modified proteins; vesicles
will bleb from its trans face and fuse with the plasma membrane

Question 14

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 14

this organelle is bound with ribosomes that are synthesizing proteins

Question 15

ATP can be made by directly transferring a high energy phosphate group from an
organic molecule to ADP, in a process called: (what is the name of the process?)

Answer 15

Substrate level phosphorylation

Question 16

ATP can also be synthesized by capturing energy stored in a proton gradient across
the mitochondrial inner membrane, in a process called: (what is the name of the process?)

Answer 16

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 17

Substrate-level phosphorylation differs from oxidative phosphorylation in that

Answer 17

oxidative phosphorylation uses energy stored in a chemiosmotic gradient

Question 18

The reactions of the Calvin cycle require all the following molecules EXCEPT

Answer 18

glucose

Question 19

What kind of enzymes control the activities of other proteins by phosphorylating them?

Answer 19

Kinases

Question 20

The primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis is to

Answer 20

Make ATP and NADPH

Question 21

In green plants, the primary function of the Calvin cycle is to

Answer 21

Fix CO2 into the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Question 22

The splitting of water and the reduction of NADP+ both
contribute to the electrochemical gradient responsible for the synthesis of ATP during photosynthesis.

Therefore, you would expect that:

Answer 22

water is split in the thylakoid lumen, and NADP+ is reduced in the stroma

Question 23

In the thylakoid membranes, what is the main role of the antenna pigment molecules?

Answer 23

harvest photons and transfer light energy to the reaction center chlorophyll

Question 24

Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis because

Answer 24

RUBISCO binds oxygen molecules in a nonproductive reaction

Question 25

The purpose of respiration is to

Answer 25

make ATP

Question 26

The Krebs cycle produces which of the following molecule that then transfer energy to the electron transport system?

Answer 26

FADH2 and NADH

Question 27

The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate (ATP + H2O→ ADP + Pi) is

Answer 27

Exergonic, has a negative delta G, and occurs spontaneously

Question 28

What does cyclic electron flow in the chloroplast produce?

Answer 28

ATP

Question 29

During noncyclic electron flow in photosynthesis, electrons are transferred among all of the following molecules or systems. List the order of locations that a pair of electrons will pass through

Answer 29

1) Water
2) Photosystem II
3) Photosystem I
4) NADPH
5) Sugar