Bio 102, unit 1 Flashcards
Genoptype/phenotype Dominant/recessive traits Homo/hetero-zygosity
Why did Mendel choose Peas?
Easy to work with, could control pollenation or allow to self
A unit of inheritance that usually is directly responsible for one trait or character.
Gene
An alternate form of a gene. Usually there are two for every gene, sometimes as many as three or four.
Allele
When the two alleles are the same.
Homozygous
When the two alleles are different, in such cases the dominant allele is expressed.
Heterzygous
A term applied to an allele that exerts control regardless of the other allele.
Dominant
A term applied to an allele that only exerts control in the absence of a dominant allele.
Recessive
The physical appearance of an organism that results from the combination of these alleles.
Phenotype
Refers to the specific alleles that an organism carries.
Genotype
Sperm cell or egg cell.
Gamete
Developed the fundamental principles that would become the modern science of genetics.
Gregor Mendel
A cross involving only one trait.
Monohybrid
Parental generation
P1
Offspring of P1
F1
Offspring of F1
F2
F refers to this term which means pertaining to the offspring.
Filial
Traits that appeared in the F1 generation in crosses between true-breeding strains.
All dominant
Mendel’s principle that allele pairs separate during gamete formation, with each gamete carrying only one allele.
Mendel’s Principle of Segregation
Cross involving two traits.
Dihybrid
In a heterozygous dihybrid cross, the chance that the gamete gets a dominant allele of a particular trait is _____.
1/2
In a heterozygous dihybrid cross, the chance that the gamete gets both dominant alleles is _____.
1/4 (product of individual chances, 1/2 x 1/2)
Mendel’s principle that when gametes are formed, alleles sort separately.
Principle of Independent Assortment
Code word for homozygous.
“True-breeding”
Proposed that new alleles arose by mutations.
Hugo De Vries
Cross of an F1 hybrid to one of the homozygous parents.
Back cross
Cross of any individual to a homozygous recessive parent; used to determine if the individual is homozygous dominant or heterozygous.
Test cross
Scientific Method
Observation, questioning, hypothesis, testing, explanation
Gathering bits of data and formulating a generalization.
Induction
Beginning with a generalization, then making/testing predictions.
Deduction
Induction
Observation, questioning, hypothesis
Deduction
Hypothesis, testing, explanation
