Bio 102, unit 1

Question 1

Why did Mendel choose Peas?

Answer 1

Easy to work with, could control pollenation or allow to self

Question 2

A unit of inheritance that usually is directly responsible for one trait or character.

Answer 2

Gene

Question 3

An alternate form of a gene. Usually there are two for every gene, sometimes as many as three or four.

Answer 3

Allele

Question 4

When the two alleles are the same.

Answer 4

Homozygous

Question 5

When the two alleles are different, in such cases the dominant allele is expressed.

Answer 5

Heterzygous

Question 6

A term applied to an allele that exerts control regardless of the other allele.

Answer 6

Dominant

Question 7

A term applied to an allele that only exerts control in the absence of a dominant allele.

Answer 7

Recessive

Question 8

The physical appearance of an organism that results from the combination of these alleles.

Answer 8

Phenotype

Question 9

Refers to the specific alleles that an organism carries.

Answer 9

Genotype

Question 10

Sperm cell or egg cell.

Answer 10

Gamete

Question 11

Developed the fundamental principles that would become the modern science of genetics.

Answer 11

Gregor Mendel

Question 12

A cross involving only one trait.

Answer 12

Monohybrid

Question 13

Parental generation

Answer 13

P1

Question 14

Offspring of P1

Answer 14

F1

Question 15

Offspring of F1

Answer 15

F2

Question 16

F refers to this term which means pertaining to the offspring.

Answer 16

Filial

Question 17

Traits that appeared in the F1 generation in crosses between true-breeding strains.

Answer 17

All dominant

Question 18

Mendel’s principle that allele pairs separate during gamete formation, with each gamete carrying only one allele.

Answer 18

Mendel’s Principle of Segregation

Question 19

Cross involving two traits.

Answer 19

Dihybrid

Question 20

In a heterozygous dihybrid cross, the chance that the gamete gets a dominant allele of a particular trait is _____.

Answer 20

1/2

Question 21

In a heterozygous dihybrid cross, the chance that the gamete gets both dominant alleles is _____.

Answer 21

1/4 (product of individual chances, 1/2 x 1/2)

Question 22

Mendel’s principle that when gametes are formed, alleles sort separately.

Answer 22

Principle of Independent Assortment

Question 23

Code word for homozygous.

Answer 23

“True-breeding”

Question 24

Proposed that new alleles arose by mutations.

Answer 24

Hugo De Vries

Question 25

Cross of an F1 hybrid to one of the homozygous parents.

Answer 25

Back cross

Question 26

Cross of any individual to a homozygous recessive parent; used to determine if the individual is homozygous dominant or heterozygous.

Answer 26

Test cross

Question 27

Scientific Method

Answer 27

Observation, questioning, hypothesis, testing, explanation

Question 28

Gathering bits of data and formulating a generalization.

Answer 28

Induction

Question 29

Beginning with a generalization, then making/testing predictions.

Answer 29

Deduction

Question 30

Induction

Answer 30

Observation, questioning, hypothesis

Question 31

Deduction

Answer 31

Hypothesis, testing, explanation