Bio 1011 Chapter 38 Flashcards
Simple fruit
A fruit derived from a single or severe fused carpels
Pollination
The transfer of pollen to the part a seed plant containing the ovules, a process required for fertilizations
Accessory fruit
A fruit, or assemblage of fruits, in which the fleshy parts are derived largely or entirely from tissues other than the ovaruy
Sepal
A modified leaf in angiosperms that helps enclose and protect a flower bud before it opens.
Fragmentation
A means of assexual reproduction whereby a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals
Stamen
The pollen-producing reproductive organ of flower, consisting of anther and a filament.
Coleorhiza
The covering of the young root of the embryo os a grass seed.
Embryo sac
The female gametophyte of angiosperms, formed from the growth and division of the megaspore into a multicellular structure that typically has eight haploid nuclei.
Assexual reproduction
The generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes (by budding, division of a single cell, or division of the entire organismo into two or more parts). In most cases, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
Vegetative reproduction
assexual reproduction in plants.
Fruit
A mature ovary of a flower. The fruit protects dormant seeds and often functions in their dispersal.
Seed coat
A tough outer covering of a seed, formed from the outer coat of an ovule. In a flowering plant. the seed coat encloses and protects the embryo and endosperm.
Hypocotyl
In an angiosperm embryo, the embryonic axis below the point of attachment of the cotyledons and above the radicle.
Inflorescence
A group of flowers tightly clustered together.
Self-incompatibility
The ability of a seed plant to reject its own pollen and sometimes the pollen of closely related individuals.
Incomplet flower
A flower in which one or more of the four basic floral organs (sepals, petals, stamens or carpels) are either absent or nonfunctional.
Pollen tube
A tube that forms after germinations of the pollen grain and that functions in the delivery of sperm to the ovule.
Imbibition
The physical adsorption of water onto the internal surfaces of structures.
Ovary
(1) In flowers, the portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop. (2) In animals, the structure that produces female gametes and reproductive hormones.
Pstil
A single carpel or a group of fused carpels
Epicotyl
In an angiosperm embryo, the embryonic axis above the point of attachment of the cotyledons and below the first pair of miniature leaves.
Herbivory
An interaction in which an organism eats part of a plant or alga.
Receptacle
The base of a flower; the part of the stem that is the site of attachment of the floral organs.
Coevolution
The joint evolution of two interacting species, each is response to selection imposed by the other.
Microspore
A spores from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a male gametophyte.
Dioeious
In plant biology, having the male and female reproductive parts on different individuals of the same species.
Endosperm
In angiosperm, a nutrient-rich tissue formed by the union of a sperm with two polar nuclei during double fertilization. The endosperm provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds.
Carpel
The ovule-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.
Petal
Are a colorful part of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators.
Ovule
A structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte,
Megaspore
A spore from a heterosporous plant species that species that develops into a female gametophyte.
Style
the stalk of a flower’s carpel, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top.
Coleoptile
The covering of the young shoot of the embryo of a grass seed.
Callus
A mass of dividing, undifferentiated cells growing in culture.
Stock
The plant that provides the toot system when making a graft
Aggregate fruit
A fruit derived from a single flower that has more than one carpel.
Complete flower
A flower that has all four basic organs: Sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.
Radicle
An embryonic root of a plant.
Apomixis
The ability of some plant species to reproduce asexually through seed without fertilization by a male gamete
multiple fruit
A fruit derived from an entire inflorescence.
Double fertilization
A mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the female gametophyte (embryo sac) to form the zygote and endosperm.
transgenic
Pertaining to an organism whose genome contains a gene introduced from another organism of the same or a different species.
