Bio 1011 Chapter 29 Flashcards
Module 2
bryophytes
Informal name for a moss, liverworts, mosses, and hornworts. Lack vascular system, (nonvascular), live on land.
homosporous
one type of sporangium produced single kind of spore develops into a bisexual gametophyte
strobilus
Technical term for a cluster of sporophylls knows commonly as a cone, found in most gymnosperms and some seedless vascular plants.
leaf
The main photosynthetic organ of vascular plants.
rhizoids
generally serve only to anchor the plants, Unlike roots, not composed of tissues. do not play a primary role in water and mineral absorption.
Antheridium
Male gametangium. Produce and protect sperm
stoma
A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cella in the epidermis of leaves and stems, allows gas exchange .
heterosporous
two types of sporangium each giving rise to a male/female unisexual gametophyte
ex: lycopods, water ferns, and all seed plants
liverwort
A small, herbaceous, nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum Hapatophyta.
Microphyll
Small leaf with a single unbranched vein.
gymnosperm
Seed plant that produces naked seeds, conifers.
nonvascular plants
small plants that cannot easily transport food and water through the plant.
vascular plants
plants that can transport food (sugar) and water throughout the plant
xylem
tubes in vascular plants that transport water and minerals
hornworts
A small, herbaceous, nonvascular plant that is a member phyllum Anthocerophyta
lycophyte
A informal name of phylum Lycophyta, includes club mosses, spike mosses and quillworts.
Megaphylls
in monilophytes more than one vascular strand enters the leaf and branches within the leaf
Monilophytes
A informal name of phylum Monilophyta, includes ferns, horsetails and whisk ferns.
phloem
Phloem tissue transports solutes (dissolved substances) mainly sugars like sucrose, round plants
Gametophyte
Haploid, one set of DNA, creates gametes by mitoses which become sporophytes
Sporophyte
Diploid, two sets of DNA, creates haploid spores by meiosis which become gametophytes
Microspores
in microsporangium, makes male gametophyte
Seta
The elongated stalk of a bryophyte sporophyte.
Archegonia
Female gametangia, vase shaped, produces egg
sorus
a cluster of sporangia on a fern sporophyll. what fern spores are produced.
Angiosperms
are plants that develop vessels (angio) for their seeds (sperms) called ovules. Angiosperms are flowering plants
alternation of generations
the alternation of two or more different forms in the life cycle of a plant or animal. (diploid form sporophyte - haploid form gametophyte)
sporophylls
leaflike structures of the sporophyte generation that bear spores
Seeds
zygote surrounded by endosperm and protective covering. store food
apical meristem
group of meristematic cells at the apex of shoot and root that by cell division lay the foundation of the primary plant body
Anther
sac containing pollen and thus male gametophytes
tracheids
are elongated cells in the xylem of vascular plants, serving in the transport of water
sporopollenin
layer of a durable polymer. prevents exposed zygotes from drying out (also found in land plant spore walls)
protonema
When a moss first grows from the spore, it grows as a protonema which develops into a leafy gametophoyte.
Megaspores
in megasporangium, make female gametophyte
embryophytes
Alternate name for land plants that refers to their shared derived trait of multicellular, dependent embryos.
moss
Small, spore leaves have no veins, no roots, not green
polster, unisex (phylum Bryophyta.)
Peat
Extensive deposits of partially decayed organic material
gametophore
The mature gamete-producing structures of a moss gametophyte.
Seedless vascular plant
plats has vascular tissue but lacks seeds. club mosses and ferns
Vascular tissue
tissue that conducts water and nutrients through the plant body in higher plants
root
An organ in vascular plants that anchors the plant and enables it to absorb water and minerals from the soil.
Lignin
Substance that strong polymer cell wall (in secondary xylem)
Peristome
series of teeth like structures that allow spores to escape
Gametangium
Sexual reproductive structure that contains a nucleus of male or female mating type
