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byu > Bio 100 Final > Flashcards

Bio 100 Final Flashcards

1
Q

artificial Selection

A

Breeding certain breeds to create a desired breed

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2
Q

Lamarck

A

Father of evolution. remembered for an idea that was false. Idea was: changing your behavior to change your DNA.

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3
Q

Darwin

A

Father of Natural Selection

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4
Q

Reasons natural selection happens

A

Overproduction
Limited Resources
Genetic Variation
Survival of the Adequate

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5
Q

How to measure biological success

A

Survival and reproduction

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6
Q

Evidence of Evolution

A 
Fossils
Bio-Geography (a plant transported from one continent to another)
Comparative Anatomy
Comparative Embryology
Comparative Behaviors
Molecular Biology (Comparing DNA)
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7
Q

Mammals Separated into 4 groups:

A

Mammal-Like reptiles
Montremes (platypus - the only animal w/o nipples)
Marsupials - Born Premature
Placentals - Bears squirrels

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8
Q

General body plans of animals

A 
Symmetry
Cephalization (can tell where head is located)
type of guts
body cavities
segmentation
Tissue differentiation
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9
Q

Phylum: Porifera

A

Sponges

Synap: No tissue, spicules (little needles)

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10
Q

Phylum: Cnidaria

A

Jellyfish, sea anemones, corals

Synap: Radial Symmetry

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11
Q

Phylum: Platyhelminthes

A

Flatworms and Tapeworms

Synap: bilateral symmetry

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12
Q

Phylum: Moluscs

A

Slugs

Synap: Mantle

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13
Q

Phylum: Nematoda

A

Roundworms

Synap: pseudocoelom - gut cavity isn’t lines with mesosperm

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14
Q

Phylum: Echinoderms

A

Starfish and Sand dollars

Synap: Pentaradial Symmetry

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15
Q

Phylum: Cordata

A

Fish (we humans also fall under this phylum)

Synap: Dorsal Nerve Cord, Throat slits, Post anal tail

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16
Q

What do insects have (body)

A

6 legs and 3 body regions

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17
Q

Things that make Humans unique

A

The EXTENT to which we use the following: Tools, Brains, Culture, Thumbs, Language, Math, Habitat Manipulation.
Also eternal perspective

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18
Q

Why reproduce?

A

Continuity, and increase population

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19
Q

Definition “Obligate Out-Crosser”

A

Must reproduce asexually

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20
Q

Definition “Facultative Out-Crosser”

A

Can Choose to produce asexually or sexually

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21
Q

What is Pando?

A

A network of aspens that’s the largest living organism in the world

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22
Q

Why do we have a sex drive?

A

willingness to pair

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23
Q

3 things that plants are:

A
  1. Multicellular
  2. Phototroph (means doesn’t produce it’s own food)
  3. Uses Chlorophyll A and B during Photosynthesis (only synapomorphy of plants)
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24
Q

4 groups of plants:

A
  1. Bryophytes (Moss)
  2. Ferns & Relatives
  3. Gymnosperms (conifers (type of tree))
  4. Angiosperms (flowering plants)
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25
Q

Why do plants exist?

A

to make more plants

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26
Q

How to flowers reproduce?

A

By dispersing gametes in random ways (pollination)

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27
Q

definition: Whorl

A

spinny part of the flower

28
Q

Plants are either: (2 categories)

A

Monocots or Dicots

29
Q

Plants: Cotyledon, Monocot vs. Dicot

A

Embryo of the seed
Monocot has 1
Dicot has 2

30
Q

Plants: Floral Parts (petals), Monocot vs. Dicot

A

Monocot has petals in multiples of 3

Dicot has petals in multiples of 4 or 5

31
Q

Plants: Leaf Veins, Monocot vs Dicot

A

Monocot has parallel veins

Dicot has net like veins

32
Q

Plants: Vascular Tissue, Monocot vs Dicot

A

Monocot has tissue throughout ground of stem

Dicot has tissue in the ring of the stem

33
Q

Kingdom Fungi: 3 Characteristics

A
  1. Multicellular
  2. Heterotrophic
  3. Extracellular Digestion (synap of Fungi)
34
Q

5 kinds of Fungi:

A
  1. Mold
  2. Sac Fungi (yeast, penicillin)
  3. Club Fungi (Mushrooms)
  4. Fungi Imperfecti
  5. Lichens (mutualism with another organism (grows on trees))
35
Q

Protista have 4 roles:

protists are not plants, animals, or fungi. But their own group

A
  1. Decomposers
  2. Pathogens
  3. Photosynthesizers
  4. Chemosynthesizers
36
Q

What is life? (4 traits)

A
  1. Cells and Metabolism
  2. Requires energy levels
  3. Senses and responds to changing conditions
  4. Grows and reproduces
37
Q

Viruses (not cellular, not living, but almost)

2 characteristics:

A
  1. Protein coat surrounding the Nucleic Acid

2. Can’t reproduce by itself

38
Q

4 Types of viruses:

A
  1. Common cold
  2. Influenza
  3. HIV
  4. AIDS
39
Q

What’s HIV?

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

knocks down immune system so you can’t fight off diseases

40
Q

What’s AIDS?

A

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

A set of conditions that results from HIV

41
Q

What is a Habitat?

A

An organism’s Address

42
Q

What is a Niche?

A

An organism’s Job

43
Q

“Competitive Exclusion Principle”

A

2 species that require identical resources cannot coexist indefinitely

44
Q

“Red Queen Hypothesis”

A

You have to run as fast as you can just to stay in place

45
Q

What will be the cause of the 6th extinction?

A

Humans

46
Q

Biotic Province

A

Major Divisions of the earth bases on phylogenetically related assemblages (homology). based on who is related to who. Province = Homo

47
Q

Biome

A

Land region distinctive by it’s habitat, community structure, niche and species (analogous). Biome = Analogy

48
Q

Abiotic Biome Factors:

A

Temperature, Water, Elevation, Light, Moisture, Chemistry, Nutrients, Fire.

49
Q

Elements found in living things (6 things)

A 
(CHONPS)
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulphur
50
Q

Education strategy (top methods)

A

Facts, concepts, methods, application, relevance, and life long learning

51
Q

Discovery Tools humans use

A

Faith, Force, Consensus, Art, Science

52
Q

Age of Universe

A

13.8b years

53
Q

Age of Earth

A

4.6b years

54
Q

Earliest Life on earth (years ago)

A

3.5b years

55
Q

Earliest Homo sapiens (years ago)

A

200k years

56
Q

5 cool things about water

A

(PT CSI)

  1. Polar
  2. Thermal Buffer
  3. Cohesion
  4. Solvent
  5. Ice Floats
57
Q

Life emerges when what 2 elements are mixed?

A

Water and Carbon

58
Q

3 Kinds of bonds: strongest to weakest

A

Ionic Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Hydrogen Bonds

59
Q

4 Macromolecules of life

A
  1. Carbs
  2. Lipids
  3. Proteins
  4. Nucleic Acid
60
Q

Central Dogma of molecular biology

A

DNA makes RNA makes Protein
(Replication (loops)) -> (Transcription) -> (Translation) (Regulation (loops))
(RTTR)

61
Q

Phylum: Arthropod

A

Crabs, Beetles
Synap: exoskeleton, segmented body
God created the most arthropods

62
Q

Why asexual reproduction?

A

Quickly fills a habitat

63
Q

Why sexual reproduction?

A

Diversity!

64
Q

What things should humans consider before their population reaches the carrying capacity?

A

Stewardship and responsibility
The possibilities of limited resources
Alternative technologies to support life
The impact of their population on themselves and other species

65
Q

Types of wealth of a country

A

Material, Cultural, Biological

66
Q

What does it mean to be human? (what should we respect?)

A

Treat material, cultural, and living things with respect.

67
Q

What is life? (definition 2)

A 
Order, Complex organization
Regulation. Homeostasis
Growth and development. Genes
Use energy
Respond to the environment
Reproduce
Evolve

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