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Bio 10 > Bio 10 lab exam 3 > Flashcards

Bio 10 lab exam 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of symmetry do sponges exhibit?

A

None

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2
Q

What is the job of collar cells in a sponge?

A

They bring water and nutrients into a sponge and expel waste and carbon dioxide from the sponge

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3
Q

What level of organization do cnidarians have?

A

Tissue

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4
Q

Although a (reef) coral is an animal, it only lives in relatively shallow water where there is light. Why is this?

A

It has a mutualistic relationship with photosynthetic algae

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5
Q

What type of symmetry is found among flatworms?

A

Bilateral

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6
Q

What type of digestive system do flatworms possess?

A

Incomplete

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7
Q

What do all mollusks have in common?

A

A muscular foot and mantle

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8
Q

What type of digestive system do mollusks possess?

A

Complete

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9
Q

What level of organization do annelids have?

A

Organ system

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10
Q

What are the distinguishing characteristics of annelids?

A

Segmentation and a distinct head and tail

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11
Q

Which arthropod class is the most successful on earth?

A

Insects

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12
Q

Since arthropods have external skeletons, how do they grow larger throughout their lifetime?

A

They molt

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13
Q

What are the distinguishing characteristics of the phylum Chordata?

A

Notochord and centralized nerve chord along the dorsal part of the body

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14
Q

Which well-developed set of teeth would allow you to distinguish the skull of a small deer from a beaver?

A

The deer would have well developed molars for grinding its food; The beaver would have well-developed incisors for gnawing its food

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15
Q

Why are Protozoans sometimes referred to a “animal-like” protists?

A

Because they are motile and heterotrophic

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16
Q

What are two uses of cilia?

A

Feeding and movement

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17
Q

In what environments are ciliates found?

A

Aquatic

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18
Q

What is a mixotroph?

A

An organism that uses energy from the sun to take up nutrients and grow but also kills and eats other plankton

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19
Q

Where are Euglena commonly found?

A

Nutrient-rich/polluted waters

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20
Q

How do amoeboids ingest their food?

A

Through phagocytosis

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21
Q

What are some risks to human health that amoeboids pose?

A

Dysentry and encephalitis

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22
Q

In what habitat are dinoflagellates found?

A

Freshwater and marine

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23
Q

What is a “red tide”?

A

An “algal bloom” caused by a population explosion of dinoflagellates

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24
Q

What are the cell walls of diatoms made of?

A

Silica (glass)

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25
Q

What is the advantage of the red pigment found in red algae?

A

It allows them to absorb blue light

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26
Q

What organism eats kelp, and if left unchecked can destroy kelp forests?

A

Sea Urchins

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27
Q

Which part of the fungus obtains nutrients?

A

hyphae

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28
Q

The bulk of a fungus is made up of fine filaments. What is the name for these fine filaments?

A

hyphae

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29
Q

Which of the following is the function of hyphae?

A

-absorption of nutrients
-excretion of digestive enzymes
-grow to new food areas

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30
Q

What is the benefit to a plant of forming mycorrhizas?

A

symbiotic relationship

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31
Q

Which is an ecological role of fungi?

A

decomposer

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32
Q

A fungi that produces eight spores in an ascus are called

A

sac fungi

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33
Q

What does the algae contribute to the relationship in a lichen?

A

carbohydrates

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34
Q

What is the name for an organism that is the mutualistic association between an algae and a fungus?

A

lichen

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35
Q

How do hyphae obtain nutrients?

A

they release digestive enzymes into food and absorb the digested products

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36
Q

The bulk of a fungus is made up of fine filaments. What is the name for a mass of fungal filaments?

A

mycelium

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37
Q

What is the method that fungi use to spread to new areas?

A

disperse with spores.

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38
Q

How does the FUNGUS benefit by forming mycorrhizas?

A

obtains sugars from the plant

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39
Q

Name the structure on which spores grow (be specific). They grow on a _______.

A

Basidium

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40
Q

How do mosses and liverworts disperse?

A

spores

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41
Q

What specialized tissue found in ferns (compared to mosses and liverworts) represents increasing independence from an aquatic habitat?

A

Vascular tissue

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42
Q

What specialized tissues allow conifers to live in a terrestrial habitat?

A

vascular tissue

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43
Q

Flowering plants represent an evolutionary advancement over conifers. What advantage do colorful flowers have over cones that ensure reproductive success? ___ ___ ___

A

attract animal pollinators

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44
Q

List the letter of all the plant(s) that lack vascular tissue?
A. moss
B. liverwort
C. fern
D. conifer
E. flowering plant

A

A B

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45
Q

The two primary functions of root hairs are to _____ _____ and ______.

A

absorb water minerals

46
Q

What are the long-thin structures arising from the root?

A

Root hairs

47
Q

When the cells indicated as “B” are filled with ______, then the space between them will open.

A

water

48
Q

Where do the nutrients come from that the embryo uses until it starts photosynthesizing?

A

cotyledons

49
Q

List the letter(s) that represent a plant part that is the product of a fertilized ovary (not the seeds inside the ovary).
A. sweet potato
B. chamomile
C. tea
D. cigar
E. coffee “beans”
F. sunflower without shell
G. cucumber
H. artichoke

A

G

50
Q

List the letter(s) that represent an example of a structure that came from the bark of a stem.
A. carrot
B. chamomile
C. tea
D. cigar
E. coffee “beans”
F. sunflower with shell
G. cucumber
H. cork

A

H

51
Q

What must happen for fertilization to occur in mosses and liverworts?

A

sperm swim to egg

52
Q

Do ferns have secondary growth (wood)?

A

No

53
Q

What structure associated with flowering plants is an advanced feature that makes sure the dispersal of seeds?

A

fruit

54
Q

List the letter of all the examples that reproduce with seeds?
A. moss
B. liverwort
C. fern
D. conifer
E. flowering plant

A

D E

55
Q

The embryonic leaves are found with?

A

the first true leaves

56
Q

The main molecules, in addition to water, absorbed by the root are ____________ (use a general term)?

A

minerals

57
Q

What part of the root is responsible for storage?

A

cortex

58
Q

Give the name of the clusters of cells that form a ring around this plant (see oval).

A

vascular bundle

59
Q

Specifically, what part of the flower develops into the fruit?

A

ovary

60
Q

Which part of a flower develops into the seed? (Be specific.)

A

ovule

61
Q

An organism that can only be divided in one way and result in an approximately equal looking halves has

A

bilateral symmetry

62
Q

What type of body plan (symmetry) is generally best suited for animals that actively hunt for prey rather than passively wait for food?

A

bilateral symmetry

63
Q

What type of body plan (symmetry) is generally best suited for animals that passively wait for prey rather than actively hunt?

A

radial symmetry

64
Q

Which of the following has radial symmetry? List all the letters that apply.
A. coral
B. dragonfly
C. sponge
D. clam
E. Planaria

A

A

65
Q

Which class of arthropods is considered the most successful?

A

insects

66
Q

Give the letter(s) of the examples(s) that are members of the CLASS of Arthropods that is considered the most successful? List all the letters that apply.
A. Crawdad
B. Butterfly
C. Spider
D. Crab
E. Mealworms

A

B E

67
Q

Even though a sponge can be quite large, none of them can eat anything larger than a single cell because

A

they must digest food inside their cells

68
Q

Why do we say that the sponge has a cellular level of organization?

A

their cells have specialized functions, but don’t form tissues

69
Q

Which animals do use stinging cells to capture prey?

A

• jellyfish
• coral
• anemone

70
Q

What type of digestive system is found in a Hydra?

A

incomplete digestive system

71
Q

What structure does a flatworm use to feed?

A

pharynx

72
Q

Which of these organisms has an incomplete digestive system? List all the letters that apply.
A. Coral
B. Planaria
C. sea anemone
D. Gull
E. Sponge

A

A B C

73
Q

Does digestion in humans and fish occur primarily within cells (intracellular) or outside of the cells (extracellular)?

A

extracellular

74
Q

Based on the skulls seen in lab, which of these organisms has the most well-developed characteristic of an omnivore (give the letter)?

A

Monkey

75
Q

The molars on a carnivore are

A

designed for shearing flesh

76
Q

Which of these organisms uses the surface of their body for gas exchange?

A

flatworms

77
Q

The gas exchange structures that aquatic insects have are _____.

A

Gills

78
Q

Which shape would work BEST for an organism that uses its body surface for gas exchange?

A

flattened (a few layers thick)

79
Q

What type of circulatory system does a gastropod have?

A

open circulatory system

80
Q

What kind of circulatory system do you have?

A

closed circulatory system

81
Q

Mussels and clams are mollusks in the class bivalve. They are primarily sessile suspension feeders. Based on their lifestyle, what kind of circulatory system do you think they have?

A

open circulatory system

82
Q

Which of these organisms have an endoskeleton?

A

human

83
Q

In organisms with an exoskeleton, the hard parts that muscles contract against are

A

hard coverings on the outside

84
Q

For muscles to work they must pull on or push against ____ when they contract.

A

hard parts

85
Q

What will happen to coral if the zooxanthelle die?

A

they will die

86
Q

Why do birds, bats, frogs and cats all have the same pattern of bones in their front limbs?

A

they inherited the pattern from their common ancestor

87
Q

Why are the front limbs of birds, bats, frogs and cats different?

A

they are adapted for different functions

88
Q

Which of the following has bilateral symmetry? List all the letters that apply.
A. coral
B. dragonfly
C. sponge
D. clam
E. Planaria

A

B D E

89
Q

One reason for the success of arthropods is that they can change forms and occupy different niches during their lifetime. This form change is called

A

metamorphosis

90
Q

Where does digestion occur in a sponge?

A

inside the cells (intracellular)

91
Q

What structures on the tentacles of sea anemones are used to capture prey?

A

stinging cells

92
Q

What does a Cnidarian use to capture prey?

A

stinging cells

93
Q

What happens to the undigested food in a flatworm?

A

it is expelled from the pharynx

94
Q

What is the important ecological role of earthworms in terrestrial environments?

A

decomposer

95
Q

What is the unique or distinguishing characteristic of the Phylum Chordata?

A

dorsal nerve cord

96
Q

Which set of teeth are best developed in a gnawing herbivore and distinguishes them from grazing herbivore?

A

incisors

97
Q

What type of gas exchange structure is found in crayfish?

A

Gills

98
Q

Which of these organisms relied on simple diffusion through surfaces (epidermis) for gas exchange without assistance from a circulatory system? List all the letters that apply.
A. Coral
B. Clam
C. Dragonfly
D. Gull
E. Sponge

A

A E

99
Q

How does oxygen get from the flatworm’s environment to the body cells?

A

diffusion

100
Q

What is the difference between an open and closed circulatory system?

A

closed circulatory systems have blood vessels that make a continuous loop

101
Q

Which of the following is true about the animal kingdom?

A

animal cells lack cell walls

102
Q

In organisms with an exoskeleton, the hard parts that muscles contract against are

A

hard coverings on the outside

103
Q

In organisms with an endoskeleton the hard parts that muscles contract against are

A

called bones

104
Q

What type of skeleton is found in arthropods?

A

exoskeleton

105
Q

The reason coral live in shallow water where light penetrates is because coral have a __________ relationship with ______ _______.

A

mutualistic photosynthetic algae

106
Q

What is the function of the root?

A

anchorage of the plant, absorption of water and dissolved minerals

107
Q

What is the function of the root hairs?

A

uptake of water and nutrients

increases the surface

108
Q

Name at least two ecological roles of fungi

A

Decomposers and Recyclers

109
Q

How are fungi economically valuable? Give at least three examples.

A

They play an important role in medicine by yielding antibiotics, in agriculture by maintaining soil fertility, are consumed as food, and forms the basis of many industries.

110
Q

What are two requirements for fungal growth.

A

Fungi require adequate temperature, nutrients, and moisture to grow.

Bio 10 (2 decks)

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