Binary Data Representation

Question 1

binary format

Answer 1

All data is stored in computers using binary format which consists of zeroes (0) and ones (1)

Question 2

bit

Answer 2

Each individual zero or one is known as a bit

Question 3

byte

Answer 3

Bits are stored and processed in 8 bit combinations known as a byte

Question 4

binary number position

Answer 4

In Binary Numbers, each position is worth two times the position to the right

Question 5

converting binary numbers to decimal

Answer 5

A Binary Number is converted to decimal by adding the value of each binary position that contains a 1

Question 6

notation

Answer 6

binary numbers have a notation of 2

decimal numbers have a notation of 10

Question 7

converting decimal numbers to binary

Answer 7

1. Setup enough binary columns to accommodate the decimal number
2. Expand to the byte boundary and fill with zeroes
3. Put a one in the column that represents the largest binary value in the decimal number that is being converted
4. Subtract the binary value from the original number to determine what is left
5. Put a one in the column that represents the largest binary value in the decimal number that remains
6. Subtract the binary value from the to determine what is left
7. Repeat until the result is 0

Question 8

binary addition

Answer 8

Binary Addition is performed column by column starting at the right-hand column
(only 4 possible combinations: 0+0=0, 1+0=1,0+1=1,1+1=10)

Question 9

binary subtraction

Answer 9

Binary subtraction is performed column by column starting at the right-hand column
(taking from a column to the left with 1 in it results in a 2 where the 0 originally was)

Question 10

binary AND operation

Answer 10

Binary And operation compares two binary bytes to determine which columns contain 1s in both number

Columns in the result are set to 1 if both bits are 1; otherwise it is set to 0

Question 11

binary OR operation

Answer 11

Binary Or operation compares two binary bytes to determine which columns contain 1s in either number

Columns in the result are set to 1 if either bit is 1; otherwise it is set to 0

Question 12

hexadecimal

Answer 12

Hexadecimal (hex) math uses the characters 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E & F to represent numbers and allows you to count from zero to fifteen in each column

Question 13

hex math

Answer 13

In hex math, you can count from 0 (hex character 0) to 15 (hex character F) in one column

Since you run out of characters at F (15), you need to go to the next column to count to 16

In hex math, each column is worth 16 times the column to the right

Question 14

converting from hex to decimal

Answer 14

Convert from hex to decimal by multiplying the value of the hex character times the value of the hex column

Question 15

converting from decimal to hex

Answer 15

The procedure for converting from decimal to hex is the same as the procedure for converting from binary to hex except that you use the binary column values instead of the hex column values

Question 16

binary representation of character data

Answer 16

Character data (letters, numbers and special characters) are represented, stored and processed by assigning an 8 bit (one byte) code that represents each character

There are two different coding schemes used to represent character data:

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is used by most computers

EBCDIC (Extended Binary Code Data Interchange Code) is primarily used in some IBM mainframe computers

Question 17

dump

Answer 17

The term dump (aka. memory dump, disk dump) refers to the actual contents of a device or transmission

Question 18

binary representation dump

Answer 18

A binary representation dump displays the contents of the actual bits as binary characters

Question 19

character representation dump

Answer 19

A character representation dump displays the characters that correspond to the ASCII value of each byte

Works well if data is primarily character data

Does not work well for other kinds of dumps due to the absence of printable characters for the ASCII control characters (0 – 32) and inconsistent assignment of characters for the Extended ASCII Character Set (128 – 255)

Character representation dumps can also include the ASCII character value for each byte

Question 20

hex dump

Answer 20

A hex dump displays each byte as two hex characters