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Gastrointestinal > Biliary tract pathology > Flashcards

Biliary tract pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the other name for gall stones?

A

Colelithiasis

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2
Q

What is the definition of gall stones?

A

Stone like material formed within the biliary system - most commonly the gall bladder

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3
Q

What might a patient with bile duct obstruction present with?

A

Colicky pain epigastric/RH
Jaundice
Steatorrheoa
Dark urine

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4
Q

What do gallstones consist of?

A

Cholesterol
Bile pigment
Either pure or a mixture of both

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5
Q

What colour are cholesterol stones?

A

Yellow

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6
Q

What colour are bile pigment stones?

A

Black

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7
Q

What are some of the risk factors for cholelithiasis?

A

Fair, forty, female, fertile, fat

I.e. - Caucasian, older, female, more children, obese

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8
Q

In cholecystitis, where is pain typically felt?

A

Right hypochondrium

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9
Q

In cholecystitis, what is the cause of the initial inflammatory effect?

A

Reaction to the irritant effects of bile - initially sterile, then becomes infected

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10
Q

What are some of the complications of cholecystitis?

A 
Empyema
Rupture
Peritonitis
Inflammatory adhesions
Fistula with second part of duodenum
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11
Q

What happens to the wall of the gallbladder in acute cholecystitis?

A

Becomes oedematous and infiltrated with acute inflammatory cells

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12
Q

What happens to the wall of the gallbladder in chronic cholecystitis?

A

Gallbladder wall becomes thickened with fibrosis

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13
Q

How is the diagnosis of gallstones made?

A

LFTs
Ultrasound
ERCP
MRCP

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14
Q

What is the cause of cholecystitis?

A

A blockage in the bile duct or gall bladder

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14
Q

What is cholecystitis?

A

Gall bladder inflammation

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15
Q

What does a positive Murphy’s sign indicate?

A

Cholecystitis

16
Q

What is cholangitis?

A

Inflammation of the bile duct

17
Q

What is the usual cause of cholangitis?

A

Bacterial infection secondary to gall stones

18
Q

What is acute ascending cholangitis?

A

Cholangitis where bacterial infection is the cause

19
Q

What is primary sclerosing cholangitis?

A

A chronic inflammatory condition which results in the fibrosis and destruction of intra-hepatic and extra hepatic bile ducts

20
Q

What are some of the complications of primary sclerosing cholangitis?

A

Cholestasis
Hypertension
Liver failure

21
Q

Which IBD is associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis?

A

Ulcerative colitis, but occurs in both

22
Q

What is the symptomatic triad for cholangitis?

A

Jaundice
Fever/rigors
RUQ pai

Gastrointestinal (17 decks)

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