BIIC Immunology Lecture 4_Blood Transfusion Flashcards
What is hemolytic disease of the fetus of Newborn (HDFN)
It medical name for Rh incompatability between a mother and fetus. It causes complement mediated hemolysis of baby’s blood.
What is the indication of whole blood cell transfusion?
Trauma and massive blood loss
What is the indication of RBC?
Correction of defficit in oxygen carrying capacity. Used to treat anemias
What is Leukocyte-reduced RBC (LRRC)? what is it’s indicated use?
White blood cells are removed. Prevents Transfusion-related Immunomodulation (donor WBC attack host). Also prevents febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction
What is washed RBCs and what is its indication?
Plasma proteins are removed. This should be used in patients who have had transfusion allergic reactions or are IgA deficient
What is the indication of irradiated RBCs?
It prevents the rare but often fatal transfusion Graft vs host disease in immuno-incompetent patients
What are the pros and cons of freezing blood?
Con: you destroy averything except RBC and a few WBC.
Pro: It can store up to 10 years. You can stockpile rare blood types and do autologous (self) donations
What are the 4 most common transfusion reactions.
Fluid overload, Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions, allergic reactions, Iron overload
What is the classic first two signs of an acute intravasculature hemolytic transfusion reaction?
red/dark urine, onset of fever
What is the time frame for delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions?
3-10 days
What is “Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury” (TRALI)
Donor blood attackes the epithelial tissue of the lungs. This will occure within 6 hours of transfusion. It is treated by providing respitory support
What is Serratia marcescens?
It is a gram negative bacteria that often seen as a blood transfusion infection. It looks like RBCs when cultured on agar.
What adverse effect does E. Coli cause in blood transfusions?
It can lead to gram negative shock
What is a NAT? What are the two main kinds?
It stands for Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing. There is MP-NAT (minipool NAT) where samples from up to 16 donors are pooled and tested and ID NAT (individual donor NAT). This is how blood is tested for pathogens
