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Science Mrs Hill > BIG TEST!! 2/20 > Flashcards

BIG TEST!! 2/20 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

2 organisms that break down carbohydrates to release energy

A

autotrophs & heterotrophs

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1
Q

organism that traps and stores sunlight in carbohydrates

A

autotrophs

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2
Q

the main energy currency of a cell

A

ATP

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3
Q

cellular respiration:

A

what cells do to break up sugars into a form that the cell can use as energy

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4
Q

the process that begins cellular respiration and does it have a lot of ATP

A

glycosis & no

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5
Q

if there is no oxygen in cells, the products of glycosis enter what pathways and yield no additional what?

A

fermentation and ATP

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6
Q

fermentation is anaerobic or aerobic?

A

anaerobic (no oxygen)

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7
Q

if oxygen is present in the cell, the glycosis products enter the what pathway?

A

aerobic

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8
Q

does aerobic respiration make much ATP?

A

yes

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9
Q

what simple sugar starts glycosis?

A

glucose

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10
Q

in glycosis, glucose is broken into 2 molecules of what?

A

pyruvic acid & in the cytoplasm

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11
Q

the part of the cell in which fermentation happens and does it contain oxygen?

A

cytoplasm & no

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12
Q

2 types of fermentation

A

lactic acid and alcohol fermentation

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13
Q

lactic acid fermentation makes dairy products and occurs in what during exercise?

A

muscles

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14
Q

the effect of lactic acid on muscles

A

makes them sore

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15
Q

yeast carries on what type of fermentation?

A

alcoholic

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16
Q

table what & what are made by yeasts during alcoholic fermentation?

A

table wine and beer

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17
Q

1 molecule of sugar produces how many kilocalories of energy?

A

7

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18
Q

does anaerobic respiration produce more or less energy than aerobic respiration ?

A

anaerobic produces less energy than aerobic

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19
Q

aerobic respiration requires what gas?

A

oxygen

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20
Q

how much more ATP does aerobic respiration produce than glycosis?

A

34

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21
Q

2 major steps of aerobic respiration

A

Krebs cycle & electron transport

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22
Q

what is completed in Krebs cycle?

A

break down of glucose

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23
Q

NAD+ is reduced to what?

A

NADH

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24
Q

which part of aerobic respiration makes the most ATP?

A

electron transport

25
Q

where does aerobic respiration take place in prokaryotes?

A

cytoplasm

26
Q

where do the aerobic reactions take place in eukaryotes?

A

mitochondria

27
Q

what product of glycolysis diffuses into the mitochondrial matrix?

A

pyruvate

28
Q

The mitochondrial matrix, what helps catalyze the reactions of the Krebs cycle?

A

enzymes

29
Q

what is a euro CoA & what does it combine w/?

A

enzymes combined with 4 carbon compound

30
Q

1st acid produced in the Krebs cycle

A

citric acid

31
Q

2 energy carriers reduced in the Krebs cycle

A

NAD+= NADH & FAD+= FADH

32
Q

any ATP made in Krebs cycle?

A

yes

33
Q

gas that’s a waste product produced in Krebs cycle

A

Carbon dioxide

34
Q

2nd part of aerobic respiration

A

electron transport

35
Q

what’s made in ETS when hydrogen ions are released?

A

ATP

36
Q

gas that’s the final acceptor of electrons in ETS

A

oxygen

37
Q

final product of ETS (electron transport system)

A

H2O

38
Q

of ATP made in glycosis

A

2

39
Q

of ATP made in Krebs cycle

A

2

40
Q

each FADH can make

A

2 ATPS OF ENERGY

41
Q

each NADH can make

A

3 ATPS OF ENERGY

42
Q

molecules made by aerobic respiration

A

8 NADH & 2 FADH

43
Q

of ATP molecules made in ETS

A

32

44
Q

maximum # of ATP molecules made by each glucose molecule

A

36

45
Q

cellular respiration equation

A

C6 O6 H12 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O

46
Q

all organisms use what to carry out their life functions

A

energy

47
Q

some organisms obtain their energy from what

A

sunlight

48
Q

The process by which this energy transfer takes place is called what

A

photosynthesis

49
Q

photosynthesis involves a what pathway in which the product of one reaction was consumed in the next reaction

A

biochemical pathway

50
Q

organisms that carry on photosynthesis including plants and other organisms containing the green pigment chlorophyll are called what

A

autotrophs

51
Q

autotroph’s use what and what to make oxygen and the simple sugar glucose

A

CO2 & water

52
Q

pigment chlorophyll absorbs light energy from the sun during what reactions

A

light reactions

53
Q

pigments also in the plastids absorb wavelength of light that chlorophyll does not absorb are called what

A

accessory pigments

54
Q

these accessory pigments are responsible for other colors we see in plants such as what

A

red, orange and yellow

55
Q

chloroplasts are surrounded by a what

A

double membrane

56
Q

inside chloroplasts is a system of membranes arranged as stacks of flattened sacks called what

A

thylakoids

57
Q

sack is called a what

A

granum

58
Q

chloroplasts are found in the what of plants

A

leaves

59
Q

The what reactions of photosynthesis take place in the stroma

A

the dark reactions

60
Q

The underside of a leaf contains openings called what where gases enter & exit

A

stomata

61
Q

stomata are usually closed during the hottest times of the day by cells called what

A

guard cells

Science Mrs Hill (8 decks)

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