BIG PICTURE B Flashcards
refers to the values, beliefs, customs, arts, and other products of
human thought and work that characterize the people of a given society.
Culture
assimilation to a different culture, typically the dominant
one.
Acculturation
This process of learning the rules and behavioral patterns appropriate to one’s
society
Socialization
is the process of adjusting and adapting to a culture other than
one’s own. It is commonly experienced by people who live in other countries for
extended periods, such as expatriate workers.
Acculturation
represent a person’s judgments about what is good or bad, acceptable
or unacceptable, important or unimportant, and normal or abnormal. Values are the
basis for our motivation and behavior.
Values
are ways of behaving and conducting oneself in public
and business situations. Some countries are characterized by informal cultures;
people treat each other as equals and work together cooperatively.
Manners and customs
It affects people’s expectations
about planning, scheduling, profit flows, and promptness in arriving for work and meetings.
Perceptions of Time
Cultures also differ in their perceptions of physical space. We have our own
sense of personal space and feel uncomfortable if others violate it.
Perception of space
can be letters, figures, colors, or other characters that communicate
a meaning. For example, the cross is the main symbol of Christianity
Symbolic Production
are artifacts, objects, and technological systems that
people construct to function within their environments. They are integral to human
life and provide the means to accomplish objectives as well as communicate and
conduct exchanges within and between societies.
Material Productions and Creative Expressions
Cultural values, ideas, beliefs, traditions, and attitudes are passed from one
generation to the next through education.
education
refers to the pattern of social arrangements and organized
relationships that characterize a society. It refers to how a society is organized in
terms of individuals, families, groups, and socioeconomic strata.
Social Structure
In some societies, people’s social status is defined by
group or employer affiliation rather than by individual performance.
Reference group
In most cultures, individuals are classified within classes
or social layers depending on their occupation, income level, or family history.
Social stratification
refers to the ease with which a person can
move up within social strata.
social mobility
Verbal Language
spoken communication
is unspoken and includes facial expressions and
gestures. In fact, nonverbal messages accompany most verbal ones.
Nonverbal Communication
being or a
system of thought that people consider sacred, divine, or the highest truth and
includes the moral codes, values, institutions, traditions, and rituals
religion
is a belief system that encompasses various traditions
and practices, based on the teachings of the prophet Buddha.
Buddhism
refers to whether a person
functions primarily as an individual or as part of a group. In
individualistic societies, each person tends to focus on his or her
own self-interest, and ties among people are relatively loose.
Individualism versus collectivism
describes how a society deals with the inequalities
in power that exist among people.
Power distance
refers to the extent to which individuals can
tolerate risk and uncertainty in their lives.
Uncertainty avoidance
refers to a society’s orientation based
on traditional male and female values.
Masculinity versus femininity
refers to the degree to
which people and organizations defer pleasure or gratification to
achieve long-term success.
Long-term versus short-term
