Bichem study 2 Flashcards
How human blood maintains homeostasis
Buffers
H2CO3 too basic (bicarbonate ions)
HCO3-+H+ too acidic (carbonic acid)
Ionic Bonds
Satisfying electron needs of elements by taking electrons from other elements, create two oppositely charged ions
Covalent Bonds
Sharing of electrons
Four main types of molecules involved with living things
Nucleic acids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids
Lactose
galactose+glucose
Polysaccharides
Animals-> storage for later
Plants-> cell walls (cellulose)
Chitin
Structure in arthropods
“armor plating”
Glycogen
A polysaccharide that is used to store energy. It is made out of branching chains of glucose. Made in muscles and mostly liver.
Chemical structure of Lipids
C:H:O
Lower Oxygen ratio than carbs+don’t dissolve as easily in water
Types of Lipids
Waxes, Fats, Oils and Steroids
Lipid functions
Supply energy, store energy, hormones, cells use them to communicate
Unsaturated lipids
Liquid at room temp
Double bond between molecules
Saturated lipids
Solid at room temp
No double bond between molecules
Trans Fats come from..
Come from hydrogenation, when hydrogens flip opposite from each other.
Difficulty processing and cause cancer and heart disease
Glycerol structure
Backbone with only two fatty acids attached. In place of third fatty acid is a phosphate and a group containing nitrogen.
Glycerol Use
Used to make cell membranes. Can be used in emulsifying agents including lecithin and bile
Lecithin
Breaks into smaller parts and makes call membranes.
Is a emulsifying agent made in the liver
Lipoproteins
As they are digested, they are reassembled in the intestines cells and packaged with proteins known as chylomicrons.
Connect with disease: clogged arteries
VLDL
Very Low Density Lipoproteins
LDL
Low Density Lipoproteins
HDL
High Density Lipoproteins
Omega 3 Fatty Acids
good (3 bonds)
Waxes
Long fatty acid and long alcohol (highish melting point)
Peptide bonds
Covalent bonding->amine group + carboxyl group
