Bias

Question 1

Personally-mediated bias

Answer 1

Individually-based differential treatment according to group membership

Question 2

Institutional bias examples

Answer 2

Obesity patients to lose 5% of weight

Older patients less likely to receive treatment/referrals etc. they need

Question 3

BMJ editorial - MH bias

Answer 3

21% of in patients from minority groups, but only 7% of population
More likely to be involuntarily admitted and have longer stays

Question 4

NHS guiding prinicple

Answer 4

The patient’s right is to receive equitable treatment regardless of race, ethnicity etc.

Question 5

Institute of medicine 2003

Answer 5

BAME patients receive fewer procedures and poorer quality of care even accounting for other variations (education, insurance, disease severity)

Question 6

GMC principles

Answer 6

Must not refuse or delay treatment if you think the condition was worsened by the patient’s actions
Must not unfairly discriminate by allowing personal views to affect treatment

Question 7

Explicit

Answer 7

At a conscious level, deliberately formed and expressed

Question 8

Implicit

Answer 8

Unconscious, involuntarily formed, largely unknown to the individual

Question 9

Decategorisation

Answer 9

Adopt interpersonal, not inter-group, focus
Voci 2010 - categorization standard inhuman condition, though evidence shows it works in some populations
Involves self esteem, pride and loyalty

Question 10

Stereotype suppression

Answer 10

Actively suppress -ve stereotypes
But requires activation of stereotypes
Follenfant 2009 - causes rebound, stronger effect after suppression than classical priming

Question 11

Recategorisation

Answer 11

Cross categorization - awareness of shared group memberships
Common group identity - raise salience of broader, subordinate category
+ve evidence

Question 12

Perspective taking

Answer 12

Shared identity, promotes empathy