BI Cards Flashcards by Krystal Ellison

Increase effectiveness of a reinforcer

DISK
Deprivation
Immediacy
Size
Contingencies

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Data Collection Methods

Frequency
Duration
Latency
Partial interval
Whole interval
Momentary time sampling

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Discriminative stimulus

Environmental cue or instruction that signals that reinforcement is available for a target Bx

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Reinforcement schedules

DRO - Offering known reinforcer if the target Bx does not occur during a specified time interval
DRL - Reinforcement occurs if and only if fewer than x Bx have occurred in a given time period
DRL-T - Responses are reinforced if the occur after a certain amount of time has passed
DRA - Functionally equivalent alternative Bx will contact the reinforcer
DRI - Reinforcing Bx that is incompatible with the targeted Bx
DRH - Reinforce a minimum of x Bx in given time period

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Prompt Fading

Least to most - prompting which starts with a prompt that has the least intrusive properties which increase until correct responding occurs
Most to least - prompting which starts with a prompt that has the most intrusive properties which increase until correct responding occurs
Stimulus Fading
Delayed prompting
Constant time delay
Progressive time delay

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Token economy

System of contingency management based on the systematic reinforcement of target Bx.
Reinforcers symbols/tokens exchanged for other reinforcers

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Discrimination training

Reinforcing a response in the presence of one stimulus and extinguishing it in the presence of another stimulus

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Incidental teaching

Arises naturally in an unstructured situation
Child initiated
Adult decides what prompt level to employ
Designed to facilitate spontaneous use of language

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Sr+

Conditioned positive reinforcer

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Errorless teaching

An instructional strategy that ensures correct responding
Provide prompt before, during, immediately following an instruction
Systematically fade prompts until correct responding happens independently

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Functions of Bx

Sensory
Escape
Attention
Tangible

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Verbal operants

Manding
Tacting
Echoic
Interverbal
Listener responding
Motor imitation

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Manding

Requesting

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Tacting

Labeling or naming

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Echoic

Repeating

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Interverbal

Back and forth conversation

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Listener responding

Following directions

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Motor imitation

Copying actions

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Positive reinforcement

Makes Bx MORE likely to occur - introduces something positive

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Positive punishment

Makes Bx LESS likely to occur - introducing something aversive

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Negative reinforcement

Makes Bx MORE likely to occur - remove something unpleasant

Negative punishment

Makes Bx less likely to occur - remove something unpleasant

Error correction

A consequence-based procedure that is implemented contingent upon incorrect responses.
Prompt or cue correct response after an incorrect response

Antecedent modifications

Presentation strategies
Interventions put in place prior to Bx occurring
Context or environment will be changed

Extinction

No longer providing the reinforcement that was being provided to a particular Bx During extinction, it is helpful to provide reinforcement for a Bx you would rather see

Extinction burst

Target Bx temporarily increases

Preference assessments

``` Free operant Single stimulus Paired stimulus Multiple stimulus W/ Replacement Multiple stimulus W/O Replacement ```

Free operant

Continued access to an array of stimuli

Single stimulus

Presenting one stimulus at a time and scoring interest

Paired stimulus

Presented two stimuli simultaneously and record which is favored

Multiple stimuli with replacement

Presenting 3 or more stimuli simultaneously and recording which is favored, and continuously replacing in the array

Multiple stimuli without replacement

Presenting 3 or more stimuli simultaneously and recording which is favored, chosen stimuli are not replaced in the array

Shaping

Development of a new Bx by the reinforcement of successive approximately of correct Bx

ABC Data

Antecedent Behavior Consequence

Antecedent

What event or action occurred immediately before the behavior

Behavior

Observable & measurable action

Consequence

What action or response immediately followed the Bx

NET

Natural environment training - Natural occurrence of teaching that is incidental, lead by client

Imitation

Model stimulus is presented in an effort to evoke the imitative Bx Imitative Bx follows immediately The model must serve as a controlling variable for the imitative Bx (sD)

Backwards chaining

All tasks identified in the task analysis were completed by the trainer, except for the final step. Client does final step, then you do all but the second to last, Client does final and second to last, and so on until task is complete.

Forward chaining

Sequence of Bx is taught in temporal order. Reinforcement is delivered when a predetermined criterion for the first Bx in the sequence is achieved. (Client does 1, you finish, Client does 1 + 2, you finish, etc etc)

Total task presentation

Requires the student to perform an entire task until the chain is learned Supplemental reinforcement is supplied at each step in the task. Provide strongest reinforcements at the end of the task

Schedules of reinforcement

``` Continuous Fixed ratio Fixed interval Variable ratio Variable interval ```

Continuous

Reinforcement is provided every time targeted Bx occurs

Fixed ratio

Deliver reinforcement after an exact # of correct responses

Fixed interval

Deliver reinforcement for the first correct response after an exact amount of time has passed

Variable ratio

Deliver reinforcement after an average # of correct responses

Variable interval

Deliver reinforcement for the first correct response after the average amount of time has passed

Receptive language

Ability to understand, listening and reading skills, easy to develop

Expressive language

Ability to communicate, speaking and writing, more difficult to develop