B.F. Skinner

Question 1

Reinforcement

Answer 1

consequence of behavior increased rate/probability of behavior.
reinforcer can be anything that increases probability of behavior that produces the consequence

Reinforcement and negative reinforcement= increase in likelihood of behavior

Escape- removes a stimulus (remove noxious stimuli following correct behavior).
Active Avoidance- behavior avoids noxious stimulus (Prevents a stimulus.

Question 2

Reinforcement Contingencies

Answer 2

influence which behaviors increase/do not; selection of behavior by consequences.
Change contingencies=change behavior

Question 3

Punishment

Answer 3

punishment and negative reinforcement are not the same.
Reinforcement of behavior exerts better control over behavior than punishment
punishment- decreases likelihood of behavior/probability that the response will occur again

positive: add noxious stimuli following behavior
negative: remove pleasurable stimulus following behavior.

Question 4

Skinner Analysis of behavior

Answer 4

analysis of relationships between environment and behavioral events, internal events cannot serve as explanations/causes for behavior. need to be studied on own

Question 5

Skinner box: operant conditioning aparatus

Answer 5

Rats and pigeons learned by rewards or punishments
self stimulation of the brain by pressing a lever- release of dopamine. Expanding on the ideas of classical conditioning- including the environment not just reflex.
Radical behaviorism: focuses on our behavior being the result of previous behavior
Human behavior shaped by the history of reinforcements

Question 6

Operant conditioning

Answer 6

Strengthening of responses or attitudes leading to positive outcomes or to avoid negative outcomes
sometimes conditioning process is subtle, reward being psychological acceptance

Responses are learned- learning new behaviors
Negative reinforcement is to end a behavior/prevent a negative response

Voluntary response- favorable responses through positive and negative reinforcements

Question 7

Operant conditioning

Answer 7

reinforcement (increases behavior)
positive reinforcement (add appreciative stimulus following correct behavior) ((presence of a stimulus)
negative reinforcement: (absence of a stimulus)

Question 8

Phobia and Operant conditioning

Answer 8

operant conditioning in which avoidance behavior is negatively reinforced by the reduction in fear that avoidance produces.
Avoidance learning