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TFN > BETTY NEUMANN > Flashcards

BETTY NEUMANN Flashcards

1
Q

Born in ________ near _______, _______

A

1924, Lowell, Ohio

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2
Q

“A unique, open-system-based perspective that provides a unifying focus for approaching a wide range of concerns. A system acts as a boundary for a single client, a group, or even a number of groups; it can also be defined as a social issue. A client system in interaction with the environment delineates the domain of nursing concerns.”

A

neuman systems model

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3
Q

The Neuman Systems Model views the client as an ____________ that responds to stressors in the environment.

A

open system

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4
Q

The client variables are ___________, ____________, ___________, __________,and ___________.

A

physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental , spiritual
(PPSDS)

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5
Q

Stressors are _______-, _______-, and ____________ in nature and arise from the ________, _______-, and ________ environments.

A

intra-, inter-, extrapersonal, internal, external, created

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6
Q

the three prevention modalities

A
  • Primary prevention
  • secondary prevention
  • tertiary prevention
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7
Q

______________ occurs before the stressor invades the system

A

primary prevention

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8
Q

________________ occurs after the system has
reacted to an invading stressor

A

secondary prevention

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9
Q

____________ occurs after secondary prevention as
reconstitution is being established.

A

tertiary prevention

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10
Q

major concepts of the neuman systems model

A
  • human being
  • environment
  • health
  • nursing
  • open system
  • client variables
  • flexible line of defense
  • normal line of defense
  • lines of resistance
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11
Q

viewed as an open system that interacts with both internal and external environment forces or stressors. The human is in constant change, moving toward a
dynamic state of system stability or toward illness of varying degrees.

A

human being

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12
Q

a vital arena that is germane to the system and its function. This may be viewed as all factors that affect and are affected by the system.

A

environment

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13
Q

three relevant environments in the neuman systems model

A
  • internal
  • external
  • created
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14
Q

exists within the client system. All forces and interactive influences that are solely within boundaries of the client system make up this environment.

A

internal environment

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15
Q

this environment exists outside the client system.

A

external environment

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16
Q

this environment is unconsciously developed and is used by the client to support protective coping.

A

created environment

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17
Q

defined as the condition or degree of system stability and is viewed as a continuum from wellness to illness.

A

health

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18
Q

When system needs are met, _____________ exists.When needs are not satisfied, _______________ exists. When the energy needed to support life is not available, ___________ occurs.

A

optimal health, illness, death

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19
Q

define the appropriate action in situations that are stress-related or in relation to possible reactions of the client or client system to stressors. Nursing interventions are aimed at helping the system adapt or adjust and to retain, restore, or maintain some degree of stability between and among the client system variables and environmental stressors with a focus on conserving energy.

A

nursing

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20
Q

Nursing - define the appropriate action in situations that are stress-related or in relation to possible reactions of the client or client system to stressors. Nursing interventions are aimed at helping the system ________or _________ and to __________, __________, or _________ some
degree of stability between and among the client system variables and environmental stressors with a focus on __________ energy.

A

adapt, adjust, retain, restore, maintain, conserving

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21
Q

a system in which there is a continuous flow of input and process, output and feedback. It is a system of organized complexity, where all elements are in interaction.

A

open system

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22
Q

enumerate the 5 client variables

A
  • physiological variable
  • psychological variable
  • sociocultural variable
  • developmental variable
  • spiritual variable
23
Q

The ___________variable refers to the structure and functions of the body.

A

physiological

24
Q

The __________ variable refers to mental processes and relationships.

A

psychological

25
Q

The ___________ variable refers to system functions that relate to social and cultural expectations and activities.

A

sociocultural

26
Q

The ___________ variable refers to those processes related to development over the lifespan.

A

developmental

27
Q

The __________ variable refers to the influence of spiritual beliefs.

A

spiritual

28
Q

a protective accordion-like mechanism that surrounds and protects the normal line of defense from invasion by stressors.

A

flexible line of defense

29
Q

an adaptational level of health developed over time and
considered normal for a particular individual client or system; it becomes a standard for wellness-deviance determination.

A

normal line of defense

30
Q

protection factors activated when stressors have penetrated the normal line of defense, causing a reaction synptomatology.

A

lines of resistance

31
Q

subconcepts of the neuman systems model

A
  • stressors
  • stability
  • entropy
  • degree of reaction
  • negentropy
  • input/output
  • reconstitution
  • prevention as intervention
32
Q

any phenomenon that might penetrate both the flexible and normal lines of defense, resulting in either a positive or negative outcome.

A

stressors

33
Q

___________ stressors are those that occur within the client system boundary and correlate with the internal environment.

A

intrapersonal

34
Q

____________ stressors occur outside the client system boundary, are proximal to the system, and have an impact on the system.

A

intrapersonal

35
Q

____________ stressors also occur outside the client system boundaries but are at a greater distance from the system that are interpersonal stressors. An example is social policy.

A

extrapersonal

36
Q

state of balance or harmony requiring energy exchanges as the client adequately copes with stressors to retain, attain, or maintain an optimal level of health
thus preserving system integrity.

A

stability

37
Q

Stability - state of balance or harmony requiring energy exchanges as the client adequately copes with stressors to ______, _______, or ______ an optimal level of health
thus preserving system integrity.

A

retain, attain maintain

38
Q

amount of system instability resulting from stressor invasion of the normal line of defense.

A

degree of reaction

39
Q

Degree of Reaction - amount of system instability resulting from stressor invasion of the _________ line of defense.

A

normal

40
Q

process of energy depletion and disorganization moving the system toward illness or possible death.

A

entropy

41
Q

A process of energy conservation that increases organization and complexity, moving the system toward stability or a higher degree of wellness.

A

negentropy

42
Q

The matter, energy, and information exchanged between the client and environment that is entering or leaving the system at any point in time.

A

input/output

43
Q

Input/Output - The ________ , _______, and ________ exchanged between the client and environment that is entering or leaving the system at any point in time.

A

matter, energy, information

44
Q

The return and maintenance of system stability, following treatment of stressor reaction, which may result in a higher or lower level of wellness.

A

reconstitution

45
Q

Intervention modes for nursing action and determinants for entry of both client and nurse into the health care system.

A

prevention as intervention

46
Q

Prevention as Intervention - Intervention modes for nursing action and determinants for entry of both ________ and _____ into the health care system.

A

client, nurse

47
Q

focuses on strengthening the flexible line of defense through preventing stress and reducing risk factors.

A

primary prevention

48
Q

This intervention occurs when the risk or hazard is identified but before a reaction occurs.

A

primary prevention

49
Q

Strategies that might be used include immunization, health education, exercise, and lifestyle changes.

A

primary prevention

50
Q

focuses on strengthening the internal lines of resistance and, thus, protects the basic structure through appropriate treatment of symptoms.

A

secondary prevention

51
Q

the intent is to regain optimal system stability and to conserve energy in doing so.

A

secondary prevention

52
Q

Its purpose is to maintain wellness or protect the client system reconstitution through supporting existing strengths and continuing to preserve energy.

A

tertiary prevention

53
Q

may begin at any point after system stability has begun to be reestablished (reconstitution has begun).

A

tertiary prevention

54
Q

tends to lead back to primary prevention.

A

tertiary prevention

TFN (7 decks)

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