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MT 6314 PCOL > Beta-Lactams Antibiotics Penicillin > Flashcards

Beta-Lactams Antibiotics Penicillin Flashcards

1
Q

Antimicrobial drug that can eradicate an infection in the absence of host defense mechanisms; kills bacteria

A

Bactericidal

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2
Q

Antimicrobial drug that inhibits antimicrobial growth but requires host defense mechanisms to eradicate the infection; does not kill bacteria

A

Bacteriostatic

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3
Q

Bacterial enzymes that hydrolyze the beta- lactam ring of certain penicillins and cephalosporins

A

Beta-lactamase

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4
Q

Lowest concentration of antimicrobial drugs capable of inhibiting growth of an organism in a defined growth medium

A

Minimal Inhibitory Conc. (MIC)

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5
Q

Bacterial cytoplasmic membrane proteins that act as the initial receptors for penicillins and other beta-lactam antibiotics

A

Penicillin- Binding Proteins (PBP)

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6
Q

Chains of polysaccharides and polypeptides that are cross-linked to form the bacterial cell wall.

A

Peptidoglycan

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7
Q

Peptidoglycan consists of

A

N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid

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8
Q

Bacterial enzymes involved in the cross- linking of linear peptidoglycan chains, which is the final step in cell wall synthesis

A

Transpeptidase

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9
Q

Penicillins are susceptible to inactivation by

A

amidases and lactamases

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10
Q

Derivatives of 6-aminopenicillanic acid. Contains a thiazolidine ring structure

A

Penicillins

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11
Q

Penicillin that are acid stable

A

Dicloxacillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin

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12
Q

Penicillin that is not acid stable
a. Ampicillin
b. Nafcillin
c. Both
d. Neither

A

b. Nafcillin

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13
Q

Penicillins that are intramuscular, have long half-lives and cross the BBB.

A

Procaine and Benzathine Penicilline G

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14
Q

Penicillins that are partly excreted in bile

A

Ampicillin and Nafcillin

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15
Q

Penicillins that are excreted in both kidney and biliary

A

Oxacillin, dicloxacillin, cloxacillin

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16
Q

Mechanism of Action of Penicillin

A
  1. Binding of the drug to PBPs
  2. Inhibition of Transpeptidase Enzymes
  3. Activation of autolytic enzymes
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17
Q

Resistance mechanism of Penicillin
a. Inactivation of antibiotic
b. Modification of target PBPs
c. Both
d. Neither

A

c. Both

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18
Q

Resistance mechanism of Penicillin
a. Alteration of the PBPs
b. Production of efflux pump
c. Both
d. Neither

A

c. Both

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19
Q

Methicillin active against
a. pneumococci
b. staphylococci
c. enterococci
d. all of the above

A

b. staphylococci

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20
Q

Penicillin G resistance in
a. pneumococci
b. staphylococci
c. enterococci
d. a and c

A

d. a and c (pneumococci and enterococci)

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21
Q

Beta-lactam inhibitors may be used w/ penicillin to prevent their inactivation

A

clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam

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22
Q

Narrow Substance Specificity B-Lactamases are produced by
a. Staphylococcus aureus
b. Haemophilus influenzae
c. Escherichia coli
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

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23
Q

What drugs are Penicillins (Narrow-Spectrum Penicillinase-Susceptible Agents)

A

Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Benzathine and Procaine Penicillin

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24
Q

Penicillins (Narrow-Spectrum Penicillinase-Susceptible Agents) greatest activity against
a. gram (-) rods
b. non-B-lactamase producing anaerobes
c. both
d. neither

A

b. non-B-lactamase producing anaerobes

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25
Q

Penicillin G is not resistant to
a. S. pneumoniae (PRSP)
b. S. auerus
c. Spirochetes

A

c. Spirochetes

26
Q

Drug of choice to treat syphilis
a. Penicillin V
b. Penicillin G
c. Benzathine

A

b. Penicillin G

27
Q

Drug of choice against spirochetes
a. Penicillin V
b. Penicillin G
c. Benzathine

A

b. Penicillin G

28
Q

Drug of choice against Treponema pallidum
a. Penicillin V
b. Penicillin G
c. Benzathine

A

b. Penicillin G

29
Q

Drug of choice against Clostridium species
a. Penicillin V
b. Penicillin G
c. Benzathine

A

b. Penicillin G

30
Q

Drug of choice against Actinomyces
a. Penicillin V
b. Penicillin G
c. Benzathine

A

b. Penicillin G

31
Q

For Penicillins (Narrow-Spectrum Penicillinase-Susceptible Agents). Toxicities include immediate hypersensitivity, rash, seizures
a. Penicillin V
b. Penicillin G
c. Benzathine

A

b. Penicillin G

32
Q

Drug of choice to treat Oropharyngeal infections
a. Penicillin V
b. Penicillin G
c. Benzathine

A

a. Penicillin V

33
Q

Drug of choice to treat Endocarditis
a. Penicillin V
b. Penicillin G
c. Benzathine

A

a. Penicillin V

34
Q

Oral form of penicillin
a. Penicillin V
b. Penicillin G
c. Benzathine

A

a. Penicillin V

35
Q

Drug of choice for infections caused by streptococci, meningococci, some enterococci
a. Penicillin V
b. Penicillin G
c. Benzathine

A

b. Penicillin G

36
Q

Drug of choice to treat B-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis
a. Penicillin G
b. Benzathine Penicillin

A

b. Benzathine Penicillin

37
Q

Penicillins Resistant to Staphylococcal Beta-Lactamase (Very Narrow-Spectrum Penillinase-Resistant Agents)

A

Methicillin, Nafcillin, Isoxazolyl Penicillins (dicloxacillin), and Oxacillin

38
Q

Dicloxacillin is active against
a. Streptoccoci
b. Staphylococci
c. Both
d. Neither

39
Q

Nafcillin is active against
a. Streptococci
b. Staphylococci
c. Both
d. Neither

40
Q

Methicillin is active against
a. Streptoccoci
b. Staphylococci
c. Both
d. Neither

41
Q

Oxacillin is active against
a. enterococci
b. gram (-) cocci
c. both
d. neither

A

d. neither

42
Q

Drug of choice to treat moderate localized staphylococcal infections
a. Dicloxacillin
b. Nafcillin
c. Oxacillin
d. Methicillin

A

a. Dicloxacillin

43
Q

Drug of choice to treat serious staphylococcal infections
a. Dicloxacillin
b. Nafcillin

A

b. Nafcillin

44
Q

Toxicity of interstitial nephritis is associated with
a. Oxacillin
b. Dicloxacillin
c. Methicillin

A

c. Methicillin

45
Q

Toxicity of hepatitis is associated with
a. Oxacillin
b. Dicloxacillin
c. Methicillin

A

a. Oxacillin

46
Q

Toxicity of neutropenia is associated with
a. Nafcillin
b. Dicloxacillin
c. Methicillin

A

a. Nafcillin

47
Q

Resistant in S. auereus (MRSA)
a. Nafcillin
b. Dicloxacillin
c. Methicillin

A

c. Methicillin

48
Q

Resistant in S. epidermidis (MRSE)
a. Nafcillin
b. Dicloxacillin
c. Methicillin

A

c. Methicillin

49
Q

What drugs are Extended-Spectrum Penicillins (Penicillinase-Susceptible)

A

Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Piperacillin, and Ticarcillin

50
Q

Toxicity of skin rashes in the setting of viral illness is associated with
a. Amoxicillin
b. Piperacillin
c. Oxacillin
d. Nafcillin

A

a. Amoxicillin

51
Q

Drug of choice against Pneumococci
a. Amoxicillin
b. Piperacillin
c. Oxacillin
d. Nafcillin

A

a. Amoxicillin

52
Q

Drug of choice against Shigella
a. Amoxicillin
b. Piperacillin
c. Ampicillin
d. Nafcillin

A

c. Ampicillin

53
Q

Drug of choice against Klebsiella spp
a. Amoxicillin
b. Piperacillin
c. Ampicillin
d. Nafcillin

A

b. Piperacillin

54
Q

Drug of choice against pseudomonas
a. Amoxicillin
b. Piperacillin
c. Ampicillin
d. Nafcillin

A

b. Piperacillin

55
Q

Drug of choice to treat bacterial sinusitis
a. Amoxicillin
b. Piperacillin
c. Ampicillin
d. Nafcillin

A

a. Amoxicillin

56
Q

Toxicity of maculopapular rashes is associated with
a. Amoxicillin
b. Piperacillin
c. Ampicillin
d. Nafcillin

A

c. Ampicillin

57
Q

Toxicity of Acute kidney injury (when paired with tazobactam and vancomycin) is associated with
a. Amoxicillin
b. Piperacillin
c. Ampicillin
d. Nafcillin

A

b. Piperacillin

58
Q

Drug of choice against Pneumococci
a. Amoxicillin
b. Ampicillin
c. Both
d. Neither

59
Q

Drug of choice to treat gram (-) rods
a. Amoxicillin
b. Ampicillin
c. Both
d. Neither

A

d. Neither

60
Q

Drug of choice to treat pseudomonas
a. Piperacillin
b. Ticarcillin
c. Both
d. Neither

61
Q

Drug of choice to treat Klebsiella spp.
a. Piperacillin
b. Ticarcillin
c. Both
d. Neither

62
Q

Acid stable penicillin
a. Amoxicillin
b. Ampicillin
c. Both
d. Neither

MT 6314 PCOL (3 decks)

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