Beta Blockers

Question 1

What is the MOA of beta blockers?

Answer 1

They block beta receptors which are part of the body’s fight or flight response, reducing HR and BP.

Question 2

What are the two types of beta blockers?

Answer 2

Selective (all of them except Propranolol): They target beta 1 receptors which are found mainly in the heart. when blocked, they reduce HR, lower’s heart contractions.

Nonselective (Propranolol): They target beta 2 receptors which are found in the lungs and blood vessels. Blocking these causes bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction.

Question 3

What illnesses do beta blockers help treat?

Answer 3

HTN: Lowers BP by decreasing HR and CO.
Angina
Heart Failure
Arrhythmias
Migraine Prevention (off label)

Question 4

What are contraindications for using beta blockers?

Answer 4

Asthma/COPD
Severe heart block (beta blockers can further slow HR dangerously)
PAD: Can worsen blood flow
Diabetes: May mask low blood sugar symptoms

Question 5

What drug-drug interactions should be monitored when taking beta blockers?

Answer 5

Calcium channel blockers can cause excessive slowing of the HR and lower BP further, increasing risk of heart block.
Insulin/ Oral hypoglycemic drugs: beta blockers mask symptoms of hypoglycemia (like increased HR)

Question 6

How should beta blockers be stopped?

Answer 6

Stopping beta blockers abruptly can lead to severe blood pressure spikes, chest pain, and even heart attacks. They should be gradually tapered off.