Benzos

Question 1

Benzodiazepines

Answer 1

-Act on CNS
-Sedation, hypnosis, muscle relaxation, decreased anxiety, anticonvulsant, amnesia

Question 2

Midazolam

Answer 2

-IV boluses of 1mg for sedation
-Rapid onset IV 1-2 mins
-Duration of action 2-6 hours
-Cleared by hepatic metabolism + renal excretion
-Side effects: desaturation, resp depression, hiccough, seizure-like activity, nystagmus

Question 3

Opioids

Answer 3

Mimick endogenous pain control mechanisms - inhibit release of susbtance P (pain neurotransmitter)

Question 4

Fetanyl

Answer 4

-Synthetic opioid
-IV rapid onset
-Duration of action 1-2hrs
-Side effects: resp depression, bradycardia, hypotension, itch, nausea, dizziness, laryngospasm

Question 5

Local anaesthetics

Answer 5

Numbing a specific area of the body without causing LOC

Question 6

Lignocaine

Answer 6

-Amide local anaesthetic for local neural blockade
-Rapid clearance
-Toxic effects result from high plasma concentrations
0

Question 7

Flumazenil

Answer 7

-Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist
-Reverses excess sedation due to benzo’s

Question 8

Naloxone

Answer 8

-Opioid antagonist
-Reverse sedation from opioids
-0.4mg IV
-Excess dose can cause agitation

Question 9

20% Intralipid

Answer 9

-Manage cardiopulmonary collapse caused by local anaesthetic toxicity

Question 10

Ketamine

Answer 10

-Dissociative anaesthetic
-Should be titrated to pt as individual responses vary
-Can raise BP: contraindicated in HF,recent MI, poorly controlled HTN, CVA/cerebral trauma